1890.] The Evolution of Mind. 909 
much lower in the scale. Protozoa collect about the light,and show 
a decided preference for certain colors. This attraction is of course 
of alow type of mentality, expressive of a simple form of conscious- 
ness, but it cannot certainly be ascribed to chemical or physical 
causes. In any case it acts through sensation. Insects are be- 
lieved to be attracted by showy flowers. Among vertebrates, 
birds show the most evident admiration for bright colors. The 
bower-birds (Ptilonorhynchus, Chlamydera, etc.) collect brightly- 
colored objects and arrange them about their play-houses and 
nests. The attention which the females of many birds which have 
brilliantly-colored males give to their exhibitions of themselves 
by the latter, is well known. The attractions thus offered to the 
females give opportunity for the sexual selection of Darwin and 
Wallace, which has no doubt had much to do with the preserva- 
tion of beauty and other admirable variations of animal type. 
A most evident illustration of admiration for brilliant color and 
extraordinary form was furnished by the monkeys in the Zoolog- 
ical Garden of Cincinnati. A large adult male mandrill (Cynoce- 
phalus mormon) was confined in a large cage with numerous 
smaller species of the old world monkeys. The mandrill had 
reached the age when the crest, beard, and bright blue, vermilion, 
and purple colors of the skin were in perfection. The smaller 
monkeys displayed the most respectful admiration for the huge 
beast, who stood or sat in the middle of the cage and received 
their adulation. The smaller species gazed upon the wonderful 
harlequin and moved about him in a deferential manner. His 
majesty occasionally seized one of them by the tail or the hind leg, 
and after submitting him to an examination, flung him from him 
with an expression of contempt. This did not seem to check 
their devotions, however, and they continued moving about him 
in circles and gazing at him. s 
3. RATIOCINATION. 
In this section I will endeavor to state the character of the 
mentality of animals with respect to the faculty of reason, and to 
compare the latter with the corresponding department of the 
mind of man. Considerable light as to the essential nature of 
Amer. Nat.—October.—3. 
