1890.] Anthropology and Prehistoric Archeology. 983 
Prof. Putnam, of Harvard, said regarding the ** two hostile camps "' : 
* For my part, I do not regard either Indians or mound-builders 
as scientific names. The word Indian was a misnomer, as we all know, 
—-an error not of the early navigators but of Columbus, who mistook 
the West Indies for the East Indies, and called the people Indians, a 
word now used for the aboriginal people of every country ; even Aus- 
tralian Indians are spoken of. For my part, I believe the early inhabi- 
tants of America were of several stocks. I like the word *stock' in 
this connection, There was a short and round-headed southwestern 
stock, as the Zufiis ; there was a long-headed northwestern stock ; also 
the Eskimo of the Arctic regions, and the Caribs of the West Indies. 
Of course these graded into each other and mixed, but the central types 
are distinct, These various peoples of the past comprised the so-called ` 
mound-builders and Indians. "These are my views, and I do not stand 
entirely alone. The Harvard camp and the Washington camp have no 
other desire than to find the truth." 
Prof. Putnam gave an elaborate description of his discovery of “A 
Singular Earthwork Near Foster's Station, in the Little Miami Valley,” 
about twenty miles north of Cincinnati. Prof. Putnam was assisted 
by Dr. Hilborn T. Cresson, Messrs. G. A. Dorsey, M. H. Seville, and 
Ernest Volk, all of the Peabody Museum. A series of drawings and 
photographs were used in illustration. Prof. Putnam had also several 
bushels of cinders, burnt limestone, charcoal, and ashes dug from the 
earthwork. ** This mound,” said the professor, **is in the angle of a 
creek and the river. Itis a flat-topped, circular hill, about one-half 
mile round at the rim,—such a hill as is frequently found at the inter- 
section of a creek and river. It is made by the river and creek wash- 
ing away the drift material on either side. Such hills command the 
valleys as lookouts, and are often fortified. Around the brow of this 
hill is a ridge in some parts; at others it is not elevated above the 
surface. This ridge is made up of well-burnt clay, and includes masses 
of burnt limestone, clinkers, charred logs, and heaps of ashes, from a 
bushel to forty bushels in bulk. This strange circular rim is over half 
a mile long, twenty to fifty feet wide, and eight to ten feet deep. To 
have burnt all this clay must have required a heat like that of a 
Bessemer furnace. Another strange feature is that the rim of burnt 
stuff is backed by an escarpment of well-laid stone wall, to keep the 
burnt material in place. This stone wall probably extended down to 
the water, but the creek has worn its way down and away from the 
wall. We have cut through the burnt wall in several places, and shall 
penetrate it in others. No bones and but a few pieces of pottery have 
