1012 The American Naturalist. [November, 
time. One of the latest of the instincts to appear would be the 
love of power; while later still would be the emotions of rela- 
tivity (Bain), because they are dependent on a degree of mental 
appreciation of objects. Such are admiration, surprise, and won- 
der. These, as well as all other consequences of inherited intel- 
lect, appear earlier in infancy than they did in evolution, by the 
process of “acceleration,” as may be readily understood. 
Of these instincts and emotions it is to be supposed that hun- 
ger remains much as it has ever been. The reproductive instinct 
has, on the other hand, undergone the greatest modifications. 
Sex instinct could not have existed prior to the origin of the 
differentiation of sex. Hence it is probable that the parental 
instinct preceded the sexual in time. These two instincts, being the 
only ones which involve interest in individuals other than self, fur- 
nish the sources of sympathy in all its benevolent aspects. Hence 
it has developed in man into the powerful passion of love; into 
affection and charity in all their degrees and bearings. Fear be- 
ing, as Bain shows, largely dependent on weakness, has varied in 
development in all times, but must be most pronounced in ani- 
mals of high sensibility, other things being equal. Hence its 
power has, on the whole, increased until it probably reached its 
extreme in the monkeys or the lowest races of men. Increasing 
intelligence of the higher order diminishes the number of its 
occasions, so that it is the privilege of the highest type of men 
to possess but little of it. The earliest of the emotions of rela- 
tivity to appear in time has probably been the love of beauty; 
how early it may have appeared it is difficult to imagine. Sur- 
prise and wonder, as distinct from fear, one can only conceive as 
following an advanced state of intelligence. 
Thus in psychology the paleontological order of development 
is somewhat different from the embryological. I have compared 
the two orders as follows : * 
PALEONTOLOGICAL. EMBRYOLOGICAL. 
Hunger. Hunger. 
Reproduction. Fear. 
Fear. Anger. 
* AMERICAN NATURALIST, September, 1883. 
