1890.] Archeology and Ethnology. 1099 
think, be preferably termed Archean; and the facts which make it 
probable that these white races have from time immemorial met and 
mingled in the South Russian steppes. Nor, in this connection, must 
the facts be neglected which make great environmental changes prob- 
able in this region at a period possibly synchronous with that of Aryan 
origins. 
(3) In the physical conditions of the steppes characterizing the 
region above defined there were, and indeed are to this day, as has 
been especially shown by Dr. Schrader, the conditions necessary for 
such pastoral tribes as their language shows that the Aryans primitively 
were ; while in the regions between the Dnieper and the Carpathians, 
and between the Oxus and the Himalayas, the Aryans would, both in 
their southwestern and southeastern migrations, be at once compelled 
and invited by the physical conditions encountered to pass at least 
partially from the pastoral into the agricultural stage. 
(4) The Aryan languages present such indications of hybridity as 
would correspond with such racial intermixture as that supposed ; 
and in the contemporary language of the Finnic groups Prof. de 
Lacouperie thinks that we may detect survivals of a former language 
presenting affinities with the general characteristics of Aryan speech. 
(5) A fifth set of verifying facts are such links of relationship be- 
tween the various Aryan languages as geographically spoken in historical 
times ; such links of relationship as appear to postulate a common 
speech in that very area above indicated, and where an ancient Aryan 
language still survives along with primitive customs. For such a 
common speech would have one class of differentiations on the Asiatic 
and another on the European side, caused by the diverse linguistic re- 
actions of conquered non-Aryan tribes on primitive Aryan speech, or 
the dialects of it already developed in those great river-partitioned plains. 
(6) A further set of verifying facts is to be found in those which 
lead us more and more to a theory of the derivative origin of the 
classic civilizations, both of the Western and of the Eastern Aryans. 
Just as between the Dnieper and the Carpathians, and between the 
Oxus and the Himalayas, there were such conditions as must have 
both compelled and invited to pass from the pastoral into a partially 
agricultural stage, so, in passing southward from each of these regions, 
the Aryans would come into contact with conditions at Mat Com- 
pelling and inviting to pass into a yet higher stage of civilization. 
And in support of this all the facts may be adduced which are more 
and more compelling scholars to acknowledge that in pre-existing 
Oriental civilizations the sources are to be found, not only of the 
