608 The American Naturalist. [May, 
material from Magdalen Cave, from Les Eyzies, from St. Acheul, 
from Moustier, from Chelles, even from Cissbury or from where one 
will, and try to make from it arrow heads of a different type from 
that usually found in the locality from which the material is brought 
and examine the result. One finds that flint chips within certain lim- 
its, for it depends even more on the material than on the workman as 
to the shapes the nodules work into. The difference in the tool with 
which the stone is worked is secondary to the texture of the stone. 
One of the best illustrations of this is in the obsidian spear heads from 
Easter Island. They are of a gritty texture, extremely rude, fully as 
rude as the rudest paleolith, and are chipped almost entirely from one 
side. Try to improve the shape of one of these implements and rude 
as they are, failure is the inevitable result; try to chip it from the 
wrong side and it breaks through and destroys the specimen, the best 
and most expert workman cannot improve its shape. Take, however, 
one of the obsidians from Mexico of even texture and to shape it in 
most graceful form is most easy, but with such material it would be 
almost impossible to imitate the rough arrow heads of Easter Island. 
The same stone varies enormously in its fracture in different layers, yet 
archeologists do not appear to have noticed the fact. 
nly a few years since it was argued that paleolithic man was 
primitive man, man low in the scale of human development, to-day 
paleolithic man is apparently only primitive as a flint chipper, but an 
artist as a bone or ivory worker; the fact that technically considered 
the work necessary to shape a so-called “ Baton of Command,” itself 
probably a chipping tool, was identical with the chief work on the 
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by many it was admitted, yet even now many deny that pottery is as 
ancient as many of the paleolithic cave strata, 
J. D. McGuire. © 
Cave Exploration by the University of Pennsylvania 
in Tennessee.—Preliminary Report——To learn that the remains 
of Plistocene Man have been abundantly found in the caves 
Europe ; that equally significant remains of later savage, barbarous 
and civilized peoples have been similarly discovered in the caves 
of Europe, Asia and Africa; and that the remains of the Indian 
and the recent White Man have been found in caverns in No i 
