1896.] Geology and Paleontology. 665 
“ The white limestones are believed to be older than the blue Cam- 
brian limestone, because (1) they occur in intimate association with the 
gneisses which are of admitted pre-Cambrian age, and because (2) they 
have been subjected to general metamorphic forces resulting in great 
changes, of which the neighboring blue limestone shows no traces.” 
“ That the other crystalline limestones of New Jersey are of the same 
age as those of Warren county, has not been proved. The theory has 
generally been that they are. If they are, and if the position taken in 
the present paper is valid, then the crystalline limestones of Sussex 
county, and of other places in New Jersey, would also be, as they have 
generally been supposed to be, of pre-Cambrian or Archean age.” 
(Ann. Rept., New Jersey State Geologist for 1895. Trenton, 1896.) 
Unios from the Trias.—Four new Triassic Unios are described 
> by Mr. C. T. Simpson. The collection of which they form a part was 
obtained from the Dockum beds, a formation underlying the Staked 
Plains of Texas. Taken as a whole, these Unios closely resemble in 
form, and are apparently nearly related to those of the Jurassic beds 
of North America, while 3 of the species bring to mind most strongly 
the species which now inhabit Europe and western Asia, and a small 
group belonging to the Mississippi area. The variety of characters dis- 
played by these Triassic Unios go to show that the genus must have 
been well established at the time the Dockum beds were laid down, 
thus tending to overthrow Neumayer’s theory that the Unionidx were 
derived from the genus Trigonia, which probably does not date back 
to a period earlier than that of the shells under consideration. (Pro- 
ceeds. U. S. Natl. Mus., Vol. XVIII, 1895.) 
The Cadurcotherium.—M. Boule calls attention to the recent 
discovery of the lower jaw of a Cadurcotherium (Gerv.) at Barliére 
(Haut-Loire). The specimen denotes an animal of the size of a small 
rhinoceros. It was found in oligocene arkoses associated with a fine 
mandible of Elotherium magnum, and fragments of Aceratherium, and 
the remains of turtles. Until now Cadurcotherium has been repre- 
sented by isolated teeth and fragments of mandibles. The new find is 
important, showing the animal to be unique among its contemporaries. 
It presents certain resemblances to South American types—notic- 
ably Astrapotherium of the Patagonian Eocene, but is, according to 
Osborn really related to the rhinocerontic genus Metamynodon. 
Notes on the Fossil Mammalia of Europe, V—The Phy- 
logeny of Anoplotherium.—The early attempts at the construction 
of a phylogeny of the even-toed ungulates, included the genus Anoplo- 
