1896.] Psychology. 689 
ches, wei bei Ceecilia, ganz vom Maxillarbein oder wei bei Epicrium 
und Siphonops an seiner äusseren circumferenz nur von der äusseren 
Haut bedeckt ist.” Thus it is seen that the location of the organ in 
Amphiuma is very similar to its location in Gymnophiona. 
A further corroboration of my views is noticed in the relation of the 
branches of the ramus maxillaris to the external sheath of the tentacle. 
According to Wiedersheim, in the Gymnophiona three branches of the 
maxillary nerve attend the tentacular apparatus in its course in the 
sub-orbital region. In Amphiuma I have found these three branches 
occupying the same relative position as is indicated by mx* in Fig. I. 
This striking similarity is seen at a glance by comparing fig. 54 in 
Wiedersheim’s Anatomie der Gymnophionen with Fig. I. Before one 
can be convinced that theso-called tentacular apparatus in Amphiuma 
is really such I am aware my investigations must be verified by the dis- 
covery of this atrophied organ in other specimens. The importance of 
the discovery of such a feature is emphasized by Kingsley: “ Were it 
true that Amphiuma possesses, either in the young or the adult, rudi- 
ments of a tentacular apparatus, the fact would prove of great value to 
those who would recognize in the Gymnophiona only degenerate Am- 
phiume.” Cope and the Sarasins have deduced considerable evidence 
favoring the close relationship of Amphiumide and Cæciliidæ, which 
fact renders it the more credible that a rudimentary tentacular appar- 
atus has really been found in Amphiuma.—Atvrin Davison, Pu. D. 
PSYCHOLOGY. 
Synesthesia and Synopsia.—Until quite recently synesthesia 
was regarded by psychologists generally as a purely artificial and fanci- 
ful association, or at best as a sign of degeneracy; it has lately received 
considerable attention, however, and the weight of evidence goes to 
show that it is both natural and normal—it may even be said, a phe- 
nomenon of common occurrence. 
In an exhaustive monograph on the subject, published in 1893,' Prof. 
Flournoy of Geneva for the first time introduced a terminology which 
aimed to distinguish scientifically between the different forms of synæs- 
thesia. The most important phase is the association of visual images, 
or synopsia. Attention was first called to this by Fechner, in 1876. 
1 Les phénomènes de la synopsie (audition colorée); by Th, Flournoy; Paris, 
1893; pp. 259, 
