1896.] The Bacterial Diseases of Plants : 717 
in the technical high school in Graz. His paper entitled (23) 
Die Bacteriosis der Runkelriibe (Beta vulgaris L.), eine neue 
Krankheit derselben, was published in Oesterreichisches Land- 
wirtschaftliches Centralblatt, Jahrg. I, Heft 2, pp. 30 to 36, and 
Heft 3, pp. 40 to 41. Graz, 1891. 
(2) Geographical Distribution —The disease prevailed exten- 
sively in 1890 in the Eltzischen earldom in Vukovar, Slavonia. 
(3) Symptoms.—The beet roots were said to be shrivelled and 
to contain comparatively little sap. The whole of the affected 
roots began to change to dark brown soon after harvest. On 
cutting them open dark brown spots were visible. During the 
winter the disease spread in the beet cellars to apparently 
sound beets, in spite of the fact that all roots showing any signs 
of disease were thrown out and destroyed at the time of storage. 
Roots in which the disease was well advanced showed a gummy 
ooze which appeared to be infectious to sound beets. Cattle 
fed with slightly infected roots were attacked with severe bloat- 
ing and obstinate constipation, and in one case death ensued. 
Such was the account forwarded to Dr. Kramer along with 
samples of the diseased beets. There is no record of the symp- 
toms of this disease as it occurs in the field. The diseased 
beets received by Dr. Kramer were shrunken and in some 
places were soft under the epidermis. From these soft places 
there oozed a slimy brownish fluid, which stuck to the fingers, 
but was without characteristic smell or taste. Brown or dark 
brown spots more or less softened, and of various sizes, were 
visible on cross-sections of roots not too badly infected. The 
inside of those specimens which were badly attacked was, 
however, almost entirely brown, and in parts the parenchyma 
was wholly destroyed, giving place to a slimy, sticky, gum-like, 
brown-colored, strongly acid, odorless fluid. The destruction 
of the tissues proceeded so far in some parts of the root that, 
finally, only the vascular bundles remained. The beets at- 
tacked by this disease yielded no characteristic odor, and they 
only began to smell bad in the last stages of the disease after 
rotting had set in. 
(4) Pathological Histology—An examination of thin sec- 
tions, made through a brown spot, showed that the cells of this 
