1896.] The Bacterial Diseases of Plants: 721 
3. Biology. 
(1) Stains.—These bacilli take all the ordinary anilin colors. 
(2) Gelatin.—On plate cultures of nutrient gelatin contain- 
ing dextrose the colonies are small, nearly circular, sharply 
contoured, white, shining, and at most not over 1mm.in diam- 
eter. Under a weak magnification they appear sharp-edged, 
granular and brownish. Stab cultures in the same gelatin 
show a fine thread not spreading beyond the needle track. At 
the mouth of the stab there is a top-shaped enlargement not 
inclined to spread out much. Streak cultures on nutrient 
gelatin develop a line along the track of the needle which is 
very slightly inclined to widen. This is formed of dot-shaped 
hyaline colonies, which finally fuse. The bacillus does not 
liquefy gelatin. 
(3) Agar—Plate, stab and streak cultures on nutrient agar 
were not unlike those on the gelatin. Exact statements as to 
the composition of the nutrient gelatin and agar are not given. 
(4) Potato, ete—Pure cultures on sterilized slices of beet 
gave a brownish, slimy growth, having a strongly acid re- 
action. The same on carrot gave a whitish, slimy layer, hav- 
ing a strongly acid reaction. On potato the growth showed 
no specially characteristic mark, but was strongly acid. 
(5) Animal Fluids.—No statement. 
(6) Vegetable Juices—No statement. 
(7) Salt Solutions and other Synthetic Media.—The 3-4 per 
cent. dextrose-peptone solution (distilled water?) containing the 
necessary mineral ingredients (not named) became cloudy in 
forty-eight hours and less limpid in 8 to 14 days. 
(8) Relation to Free Oxygen.—Aerobic. 
(9) Reducing and Oxidizing Power—No statement. 
(10) Fermentation Products, and other Results of Growth : 
(a) Gas Production—No statement. If the cattle disease 
were really due to this organism, then we may suppose it to 
be an active gas producer in the presence of certain carbo- 
hydrates. 
(b) Formation of Acids.—This bacillus is a strong acid pro- 
ducer. The sap of the diseased beets shows a strong acid reac- 
tion. Pure cultures strongly reddened blue litmus gelatin in 
