1896.] The Bacterial Diseases of Plants : 727 
oblong, colorless, usually occurring as colorless cells, although 
occasionally found in pairs. No measurements are given. 
(2) Capsule-—Nothing. 
(3) Flagella—The organism is said to be actively motile 
when grown in a rich nutrient fluid. No statement regarding 
flagella ; or as to motility when taken directly from the plant. 
(4) Spores.—Said to be arthrosporous; but no details are given 
or proof advanced in support of this statement, which probably 
rests on no other foundation than that endospores were not 
observed. So far as known to the writer nobody has demon- 
strated the existence of arthrospores in any species of bacte 
rium or bacillus. : 
(5) Zooglea.—No mention of zooglea. 
(6) Involution forms.-—No mention of involution forms. 
3. Biology. 
(1) Stains —No statement respecting behavior toward stains. 
(2) Gelatin—“ Upon neutral gelatine the bacteria at first 
form a whitish growth, which becomes pale yellow with age, 
and the gelatine is eventually liquefied. Upon acid gelatine 
the liquefaction proceeds much more slowly. In all cases the 
gelatine finally becomes alkaline, whether acid or neutral to 
begin with.” 
(3) Agar.—* Upon agar-agar the growth is about the same as 
upon acid gelatine.” * 
No statement as to what nutrient substances were added to 
the agar or to the gelatin or as to the reaction of the agar. 
(4) Potato, etc—Behavior not stated. 
(5) Animal Fluids.—Not stated. 
(6) Vegetable Jwices— Develop well in sterilized juice ex- 
pressed from the sugar beet ; but their development cannot be 
readily watched, as contact with the air causes the juice to turn 
dark or even black.” 
It is notstated whether the expressed juice was sterilized by 
steam heat or at ordinary temperatures by filtration. 
(7) Salt Solutions and other Synthetic Media.— In a Pasteur 
sugar culture the bacteria grow well, causing the liquid 
to become slightly turbid in twenty-four hours. As growth 
