1896.] Entomology. 759 
of the memoir is shown by the following list of contents: Introduction ; 
Evolution of bristles, spines and tubercles of caterpilars; External 
anatomy of caterpillars; Incongruence between larval and adult char- 
acters of Notodontians; Inheritance of characters acquired during the 
life-time of Lepidopterous larve ; Geographical distribution ; Phylo- 
geny of the Lepidoptera; Classification of the Lepidoptera; Nomen- 
clature of wing veins; Systematic revision of the Notodontide. 
In classification Dr. Packard adheres to the lines of the paper he 
recently published in the Narurauist. The discussion of acquired 
characters is one of the most interesting parts of the book and is well 
worth reading by biologists generally. The volume is an extremely 
notable contribution to the literature of American entomology. 
Grape Insects.—Mr. C. L. Marlatt contributes to the recent Year 
Book of the Department of Agriculture a valuable discussion of the 
Insect Enemies of the Grape. In the introduction he says: Upward 
of 200 different insects have already been listed as occurring on the 
vine of this country, and the records of the Department alone refer to 
over 100 different insects. Few of these, however, are very serious 
enemies, being either of rare occurrence or seldom numerous, and for 
practical purposes the few species considered below include those of 
real importance. They are the grape phylloxera, the grapevine fidia, 
both chiefly destructive to the roots ; the caneborer, destructive particu- 
larly to the young shoots; the leaf-hopper, the flea-beetle, rose-chafer 
with its allies, and leaf-folder, together with hawk moths and cutworms, 
damaging foliage, and the grapeberry moth, the principal fruit pest. 
The extent of the loss that frequently results from these insects may 
be understood by reference to a few instances. The phylloxera, when 
at-its worst, has destroyed in France some 2,500,000 acres of vineyards, 
representing an annual loss in wine products of the value of $150,000,- 
000, and the French Government had expended, up to 1895 in 
phylloxera work over $4,500,000, and remitted taxes to the amount of 
$3,000,000 more. The grapevine fidia, on the authority of an Ohio 
correspondent, in a single season in one vineyard, killed 400 out of 500 
strong five-year-old vines. The prominent leaf-defoliators, as the rose- 
chafer and flea-beetle, frequently destroy or vastly injure the crop over 
large districts, and the little leaf-hopper, though rarely preventing a 
partial crop, is so uniformly present and widely distributed as to 
probably levy a heavier tribute on the grape in this country than any 
other insect. 
