1896.] Piney Branch (D. C.) Quarry Workshop. 875 
Branch quarry, are still more insignificant in number, and, 
finally, that the number of finished implements, such as arrow- 
and spear-heads, scarpers perforators, etc., of quartzite which 
alone could have been made from Mr. Holmes’ “ blanks,” is 
even less than insignificant when compared with the mass of 
implements made of quartz, felsite, argillite, chert, other mate- 
rial than quartzite. 
7. I propose to show that, while his facts are assumptions, 
(always excepting the excavation) he has committed the double 
error of deducing a wrong conclusion from them, and I will 
show not only that the leaf-shaped blades (his blanks)—and 
along with them his finished implements, were not only not made 
from the “ double turtle-back,” but that they could not be made 
from it; and that Mr. Holmes’ elaborate theory of manu- 
facture as shown by his arranged series of “ single turtle-backs,” 
“ double turtle-backs,” leaf-shaped blades (blanks) and finished 
implements, being made one after another, each out of the one 
preceding, will break in two in the middle, because he cannot 
make the leaf-shaped blades (blanks) out of the double turtle- 
back without first practically reducing it to its original con- 
dition of an unworked pebble. 
8. I will contend that the objects found in the quarry should 
be admitted in evidence and compared with other similar im- 
plements in the determination of their age. If this is not done 
and we are confined for evidence of age, to the quarry and its 
surroundings, under the assertion that it belonged to modern 
Indians, then I will attack its antiquity and attempt to show 
that it may be even more modern than the Indian, and that 
the quarry might all have been made while digging boulders 
with which to pave Pennsylvania Avenue in early times. I 
do not assert this to be true, but if we are deprived of the evi- 
dence of the worked implements and driven to surface indica- 
tions, I will contend that there is evidence (1) of the trench 
having been entirely filled and carefully levelled so that the 
contour of the hill shows no trace of excavation which would 
not have been done by the Indian; (2) that the only other 
indications of age are the depth of soil on the surface and the 
size of the trees growing thereon, both of which might have 
