1896.] Piney Branch (D. C.) Quarry Workshop. 877 ` 
method of doing it; at the foot of page 9 commences his de- 
seription of the art-product. As Mr. Holmes proceeds in his 
paper with the classification and study of these implements, he 
announces a primary distinction between those which bear evi- 
dence of design and those which do not—p. 11. Every arche- 
ologist knows of this as a prime necessity. Every one tries to 
keep to this distinction. The difficulty isin doing it. 
True advancement in science depends on the correctness of 
the conclusion. To rightly decide this, decides the whole 
question, not only in this, but in almost every case concerning 
prehistoric man. Mr. Holmes has no difficulty in this regard. 
He has supreme confidence in his own ability and admits 
no possibility of mistake or error. He says same paper, 
(ibid.) p. 11, “ With these distinctions (of design) in mind, 
the archeologist has but little trouble in recognizing and 
separating all classes of products and the uninitiated with 
a little careful study may readily learn to do the same. Hav- 
ing handled the products of this shop constantly for a period 
of several weeks, I have familiarized myself with every variety 
of form and shade of contour, and do not feel the least hesitation in 
presenting the results of my selection and classification.” He 
then describes his Plate IV, (my Plate XIX), in which “is pre- 
sented a series of worked stones from this site, which represents 
every variety of product and epitomizes the entire range of 
form. Beginning with the boulder a from which two chips 
have been taken, we pass through successive degrees of elabora- 
tion, reaching final forms in k, l, m, long leaf-shaped blades. 
* * If it be asked how I know this seriesis complete * * 
the discarded remnants tell the story, * * if every entire 
flaked tool had been taken from the spot, the record would 
remain with a certainty that is absolute.” 
He describes, seriatim, the manufacture through the first two 
stages, and he showed practically before the audience the 
two processes employed, which consisted of the simple oper- 
ation of “grasping a boulder in either hand, strike the edge 
of one against the other so as to detach a flake, then a second 
and third until the circuit (of the pebble) is completed as shown 
in a tod and n, Plate LV, thus making a typical turtle-back.” 
