886 The American Naturalist. [November, 
THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF BATRA- 
CHIA AND REPTILIA IN NORTH AMERICA. 
By E. D. Cops. 
As is well known, the aggregates of organic beings called 
faunæ and flor correspond in part with the natural land 
divisions of the earth’s surface, but not exactly. The first 
classification of the primary faunæ was proposed by Dr. P. L. 
Sclater in 1858, as follows: 
1. Paleartic—Europe, Northern Africa, Northern and Central 
Asia. 
2. Ethiopian.—Africa south of the Great Desert, and Mada- 
gascar. 
3. Indian.—Southeastern Asia and the Malay Archipelago. 
4. Australian.—Australia with New Guinea and the adjacent 
islands, New Zealand and Polynesia. 
5. Nearctic—North America as far south as Mexico. 
6. Neotropical—Central and South America and the West 
Indies. 
Subsequently Dr. A. R. Wallace proposed that the name 
Oriental be used in place of Indian. 
In 1868 Prof. T. H. Huxley proposed that the world’s areas 
be arranged in two divisions, Arctogea and Notogea; the 
former including the Palearctic, Indian, Ethiopian and Neare- 
tic of Sclater, and the latter including the Australian and 
Neotropical regions. To the last two he added the Novo 
Zealanian for New Zealand, and he proposes to change the 
name of the Neotropical to Austrocolumbian. 
In 1871 Dr. J. A. Allen proposed the following faunal divis- 
ions: I. Arctic Realm; II. North Temperate Realm; III. 
American Tropical Realm; IV. Indo-African Tropical Realm ; 
V. South American Temperate Realm; VI. African Temper- 
ate Realm; VII. Antarctic Realm; VIII. Australian Realm. 
In 1874 Sclater modified his system as follows: He retained 
the term Arctogea inthe Huxleyan sense. To the Neotropical 
region he gave the name of Dendtrogea, and to the Australian 
