1896.] Distribution of Batrachia and Reptilia. 889 
Northern regions ; these area few bears, deer, and oscine birds. 
Insectivorous mammalia, Viperid serpents, and Ginglymodous, 
Halecomorphous and Cyprinid fishes are wanting, except on 
the northern border. 
The Ethiopean realm is that one which combines the preva- 
lent features of the Arctogean realm with the southern hemi- 
sphere types already mentioned, together with some found 
elsewhere only in the Indian region, and a very few peculiar. 
The two latter classes not being mentioned elsewhere, they may 
be here enumerated. The region shares, with the Indian alone, 
the Catarrhine monkeys, the Elephantidx, Rhinocerotide, No- 
marthrous Edentata and Chameleons. Its peculiar types are 
the Lemuridx, Hippopotamide and Protelide, Cryptoproctide 
and Hyracoidea among mammals, and Polypteride and Mor- 
myride among fishes. It possesses in common with the Neo- 
tropical realm characinid, cychlidi, and dipnoan fishes, Pleuro- 
dire tortoises and Ratite and Trogonoid birds; and differs 
from it in the absence of arciferous Batrachia and crotalid 
snakes, and presence of dendraspid, causid, atractaspid and 
viperid snakes. 
The Arctogean Realm is characterized by the absence of 
types conspicuous elsewhere, and by the presence of a few 
peculiar forms. Among fishes it lacks Dipnoi and Cross- 
opterygia, Osteoglosside, Characinide and Cichlide. It lacks 
Pleurodire tortoises and Ratite birds. Ginglymodous fishes 
and Urodele Batrachia are nearly confined to it, merely. 
extending a little over the border of the Neotropical. Its 
Cryptodire tortoises extend both into the Neotropical and Eth- 
iopian. Anguid lizards are confined to it. It shares most of 
its Mammalia with other regions. The Insectivora it shares 
with the Ethiopian, and its deer and camels with the Neotrop- 
ical. The genus Ursus is very characteristic, one aberrant 
species only extending into the Neotropical. 
From what has preceded it is seen that the primary differ- 
ences between the faune of the realms are to be found toa 
large degree in the lower vertebrata, the fishes, Batrachia and 
Reptilia. These forms furnish stronger distinctions than the 
birds and mammals, owing to their greater inability to traverse 
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