1896.] Psychology. 1061 
by “ assimilating ” the net-work of theegg. Thus the star, so remarkably 
distinct in these snail eggs, about the centrosome of the sperm is to be 
regarded as at first of male origin and then as gradually getting control 
of the net-work protoplasm, or the archoplasm, of the egg so that it is 
eventually the centre of an entire rearrangement of this egg material 
focussed about the male centrosome, 
he centrosome next the famale nucleus disappears and the star about 
it is “assimilated” by the star that arose about the male nucleus. 
Sooner or later the male star and centrosome divide to furnish the two- 
centered system concerned with division of the cleavage nucleus. The 
male and female nuclei unite to make the cleavage nucleus and the two 
protoplasmic stars do all that remain to be done in the subsequent 
cleavage. 
The substitution of the new male system for the effete female system 
of radiate protoplasm is regarded as so complete that the chromosomes 
in the female nucleus become subjected to the domination of the male 
system by the growing male radii attaching themselves to these chromo 
somes by a process of .“ assimilation ” of the old connections, that the 
author believes to exist between the female chromosomes and the female 
centrosomes. It is assumed that this male system is all along con- 
nected with the chromosomes of the sperm head and that the contrac- 
toin of the radii draw the sperm head toward the female nucleus. 
Along with the reduction of the chromosomes in both egg and sperm 
there is probably a reduction in the mass of so-called achromatic sub- 
stance so that in fertilization there may well be restitution of the normal 
amount by a mutual supplying of the deficiency. 
It will be seen tbat. this concen st the pronen of fertilisation. is 
that of Boveri t entros ded as of no importance 
and the surrounding, radiated sea becomes the essential factor 
for cell division. The authors follow Heidenhain in regarding the 
centrosome as merely the point of insertion of that active, contractile 
part of the cell that radiates out from this centre. 
PSYCHOLOGY. 
The Effects of Loss of Sleep.—Prof. Patrick and Dr. Gilbert, 
of the University of Iowa, have reported in the Psychological Review 
some experiments on this problem. Three normal subjects were kept 
awake for a period of ninety nours, without resort to stimulants or other 
1 Edited by H. C. Warren, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. 
