1020 The American Naturalist. [December, 
Another experiment, satisfactory in its results, tested the sound for 
alarm or assault. Mr. Garner gives the account as follows: 
In Charleston a gentleman owns a fine specimen of the brown 
Cebus. This monkey is naturally shy of strangers, but on my first 
visit to him I addressed him in his native tongue, and he really seemed 
to regard me very kindly ; he would eat from my hand and allow me 
to caress him through the bars of the cage. 
He eyed me with evident curiosity, but invariably responded to the 
word that I uttered in his own language. On my third visit to him 
I determined to try the effect of the peculiar sound of “alarm” or 
“assault,” which I had learned from one of this species; but I cannot 
very well represent in letters. While he was eating from my hand I 
gave this peculiar piercing note, and he instantly sprang to a perch in 
the top of his cage, thence in and out of his sleeping apartment with 
great speed and almost wild with fear. AsI repeated the sound his 
fears seemed to increase, until from a mere sense of compassion I 
desisted. No amount of coaxing would induce him to return to me. 
I retired to a distance of twenty feet from his cage, and his master 
induced him to descend from the perch, which he did with the great- 
est reluctance and suspicion. I gave the sound again from where I 
stood, and it produced almost the same results as before. 
Mr. Garner gives numerous other illustrations of his methods and 
furnishes a summary of his observations as follows: 
The sounds which monkeys make are voluntary, deliberate, and 
articulate. They are always addressed to some certain individual with 
the evident purpose of having them understood. The monkey indi- 
cates by his own acts and the manner of delivery that he is conscious 
of the meaning of the sounds. They wait for and expect an answer, 
and if they do not receive one they frequently repeat the sounds. 
They usually look at the person addressed, and do not utter these 
sounds when alone or as a mere pastime, but only at such times as 
some one is present to hear them, either some person or another mon- 
key. They understand the signs made by other monkeys of their own 
kind, and usually respond to them with a like sound. They under- 
stand these sounds when imitated by a human being, by a whistle, a 
phonograph or other mechanical devices, and this indicates that they 
are guided by the sounds alone, and not by any signs, gestures, OF 
psychic influence. The same sound is interpreted to mean the same 
thing and obeyed in the same manner by different monkeys of the 
same species. Different sounds are accompanied by different gestures, 
and produce different results under the same conditions. They make 
RAERD E SE ea A eS re aah ae gt AE ae ape Et i A te ate eS lll 
