1026 The American Naturalist. 
The Geology of Borneo.—Posewitz treats of the geology of 
Borneo under four heads: (1) The Mountain-land; (2) The Tertiary 
Hill-land; (3) The Drift of the Plains; (4) The Alluvium of the — 
Marshes. ae 
The mountain-land consists of crystalline schists, old eruptive rocks, 
and a slate formation that may be Devonian, overlaid by a carboni 
erous formation of hard, bluish limestone, succeeded by coarse white 
sandstones. This carboniferous formation is clearly marked off from 
the tertiary beds that succeed it. re 
Cretaceous rocks have been discovered in West Borneo by Van : 
Schelle, the fossils of which have been referred by Geinitz to the 
Upper Chalk. ye 
The hill-land forms a belt around the mountain-land. It rises i 
hills (Eocene) near the mountain border and dies away into the com- 
mon level of the plains (Miocene). 
Verbeck divides the Eocene of Borneo into three stages: (a) Sand: 
stone, (b) marl, and (c) the limestone. Of these the sandstone _ 
is the most important since it contains the Borneo black coal. 
marl stage is very fossiliferous, one bed being literally packed 
Orbitoides and Nummulites. The limestone stage “appears to be the 
equivalent of the Nummulitic Limestone of Europe. 
The eocene strata are pierced in numerous places by the eru 
andesitic lavas probably of miocene age. These lavas are bedded ane 
accompanied by tuffs. Above the eee lie a series of shales bes 
limestones described by Verbeck as miocen 
The drift of the plains forms a zone aid the hill-land, and 
covers the flanks of the mountains. It contains the chief deposits 
gold, platinum, and diamonds. 
The alluvium of the marshes has a wide distribution, owing 
very gradual rise of the land from the coast. 
Wallace regards the Malay Archipelago as having been 
by the breaking up of a continental area; Posewitz, on the co 
prot 
small islands, the grouping of which has been preserved in i 
features of the pae structure.—Natural Science, a 1892. 
Phosphates and Marls of Alabama.—The interest i 
akiráj fertilizers of the State of Alabama has led Mr. E. 
the State geologist, to publish a separate bulletin upon the 
advance of the general report upon the cretaceous and ti 
