1034 The American Naturalist. [ December, 
_tions show the blending of epidermal tissue; this makes the union 
complete. 
Simultaneously with the origin and development of the stamen, 
„another structure comes into view—the calyx. When first observed 
there is a bulging out of the epidermal] layer in the region of the 
seeming insertion of the other floral parts. The tube of this outgrowth 
is not distinguishable from the ovarian wall, but its limb is visible as 
a tuft of hairs. Primitively, it consists of a short, delicate bunch of 
` hairs, arranged in a circle at the upper extremity of the young ovary. 
Later, the hairs by rapid growth develop into long appendages, made 
up of several rows of narrow but extremely elongated cells, the lower 
ends of which splice into the upper ends of the cells below at the 
point where the upper end of the cells below turn away from the main 
trunk, and rapidly taper into an acuminate tip; hence the hair has 
the appearance of a barbed spear. By its late appearance in devel- 
opment and its epidermal structure some do not regard the pappus as 
a calyx, while on the other hand others consider it so, though very 
much reduced in form and structure, the result of the pressure of sur- 
rounding bodies. 
A little previous to the formation of the pistil another structure 
may be seen to arise from the receptacle between the individual florets. 
These foliar bodies, or bracteoles, very much resemble the scalelike — 
leaves of poorly developed vegetative branches. They project quite 
far between the individual florets ; their epidermal tissue consists of 
very thick-walled, elongated cells surrounding several layers of smaller 
parenchyma cells, TR 
- The next and last of the floral organs to appear is the pistil. About 
the time when the stamens begin to assume an oval outline and form 
a constriction near their bases, thereby separating the stamineal tissue 
into anther and filament, there is detected, on the inner border of bate 
primitive ring in the region of stamineal insertion, an inward growth 
of cells. This cell tissue gradually develops inward around a common 
axis until all sides meet, and at the same time elongates in the am 
tion of the flower axis, thus forming the style above and competed 
overarching the once oval cavity below, changing it to a flask-shaped 
cavity which is the true ovarian cell. Just at this stage of develop- 
ment it may be mentioned that from now on, the flower parts GeN~ = 
with remarkable rapidity, and finally the flower axis is very T 
elongated, the gyncecium forming the terminal structure of the 
The growth of the pistil is somewhat analogous to that of the stame 
As before stated, stamineal growth is partially retarded up to acne 
