1895.] Zoology. 59 
ments: 1. Co-ordinating elements which lie entirely in the ganglionic 
chain. 2. Motor elements in which the ganglion cell is in the chain, 
the fibre running out at a lateral root. 3. Sensory elements, consist- 
ing of cells outside the chain and fibres running from them to the 
chain. The stomatogastric nerve is also studied and the beading of 
nerve fibres, ete., is discussed. 
ARACHNIDA.—Emerton has gathered several collecetiens of Cana- 
dian spiders and publishes* a list with annotations and descriptions of 
new species. The close similarity of the Canadian fauna with that of 
New England is noted. “Out of 61 species, from Labrador to Mani- 
toba, 56 species live in New England ; and out of 48 species from the 
Rocky Mountains, 27 have been found in New England.” 
Hrxapopa.—M. H. Wellman has studied the prothorax of Butter- 
flies’ and finds that four different types of structure, corresponding to 
the four recognized families, exist. In the first (Nymphalid) the 
chitinized dorsal lobes of the prothorax are large, almost filling the 
space between the head and mesothorax. In the second class (Papili- 
onidæ) the dorsal lobes are smaller while the scutellum has increased 
in size. This class is capable of division into three groups. In the 
Lycenide, the third class, the prothorax is very narrow, and the parts 
inconspicuous. In the last (Hesperiidz) the lobes are scale-like. 
W. A. Snow publishes’ a synopsis of the American Platypezide. 
This Dipterous family is rare in America, but in an expedition to New 
Mexico the University obtained seven species, six of which are re- 
garded as new. 
Fisnes.—Eigenmann and Beeson publish” a revision of the Pacific 
coast species of the Sebastine. The outline of the classification 
adopted was published in this journal for July, 1893. 
E. W. L. Holt continues” his North Sea investigations. The sub- 
jects treated are (I) the destruction of immature fish, especially of 
plaice, haddock, and cod. He shows that great injury is being done. 
(IIL) A differentiation of a new species of ray (Raia blanda). (IV) 
8 Trans. Conn. Acad. Science, ix, p- 400, 1894. 
® Kansas Univ. Quarterly, iii, 137, 1894. 
10 Kansas Univ. Quarterly, i iii, 1893. 
11 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvii, 37 
1 Jour. Biol. Association United Tingle iii, p. 169, 1894. 
