104 The American Naturalist. (February, 
than to resort to insect-pollination. In the cases of anemoph- 
ilous Ranunculaceae, such as meadow-rue (Thalictrum), and 
Compositae, such as rag-weed (Ambrosia), it is probable that 
wind -pollination has been resorted to by way of avoiding 
competition with their allies, and it is notable that these 
plants bloom near the maximum points of the —e to 
which they belong. 
A comparison of the insect-pollinated Motoboy ideó (Fig. 
7, Plate VIII) with the general entomophilous flora (Fig. 1, 
Plate VIII) yields a more striking contrast than would re- 
sult from a comparison of the two groups in general, for the 
former loses the large wind-loving families of sedges and 
grasses, the latter blooming late, and the general flora loses 
the early blooming wind-loving trees. In this group we 
observe that the terrestrial species, without regard to spec- 
ialization, bloom early, while the aquatic ones are late. This 
I think is largely a result of the severe competition of the 
former with the highly specialized terrestrial flora, a competi- 
tion from which the aquatics have been largely relieved by 
their position. 
As regards those of the Liliiflorae having the carpels 
separate (apocarpal) and those having them united (syncarpal) 
I am unable to agree that the former are more highly spec- 
ialized, and so must consider that their blooming time is op- 
posed to the proposition that the more highly specialized flow- 
ers bloom later. 
The curve for the Choripetalae TOA and Apetalae, 
Fig. 2, Plate VIII.—5 spp. per mm.) shows a maximum in 
August of 73 species, and a secondary maximum in April of 
71 species, and the curve diminishes from both to about the 
middle of June, when there are 49 species in bloom. Of the 
Hypogynae (Fig. 3, Plate VIII.—2 spp. per mm.) 48 species 
bloom simultaneously in May, after which they pretty regu- 
larly decline. With the addition of the hypogynous Apet- 
alae, the maximum remains the same, but there is a secon- 
dary elevation in August. The Perigynae (Fig. 5, Plate VIII. 
—2 spp. per mm.) show an August maximum on account of 
the strong preponderance of the Leguminosae. Among the 
