146 The American Naturalist. [February, 
On the north side of Sandwich Bay is a mountain 1900 feet high, on 
which caribous (Rangifer caribou) are very abundant. We ascended 
this mountain and shot several specimens of caribous, and also found 
here a vein of labradorite outcropping on the surface that measured 
forty-two feet in length and three feet in width, with a dip of 47° east 
of south. We also found small veins of mica and great quantities of 
iron ore, also copper in the form of malachite. Hornblende, gneiss, 
syenite and granite were the principal rocks. We also came across 
great quantities of small crystals of garnet, some of them very pretty. 
In several places surrounding Sandwich Bay, and on each of the 
rivers we discovered glacial striations running southeast in direction. 
Some of these were ten or twelve feet long, and were distinctly cut in 
the smooth, polished surface of the rocks. At Cartwright, and, in 
fact, throughout the section that we explored, we found but few full- 
blooded Eskimos. The inhabitants of southern Labrador are a mixed 
breed of people, Eskimo mixed with various nationalities, mainly Eng- 
lish and Danish. 
The Labrador waters are noted as among the greatest fisheries in the 
world for cod and salmon. There are about 25,000 fishermen along 
these shores, who come chiefly from Newfoundland, and depend 
wholly upon fish for their living. This past year the fisheries have 
been a total failure, both in Labrador and off the coast of Newfound- 
land. Great suffering has been reported from Newfoundland, but from 
the condition of affairs we saw in Labrador the sufferings of the New- 
foundland fishermen must be slight in comparison to those of the desti- 
tute Labrador people. 
Just before we left Cartwright on our return voyage, a severe storm 
took place, and nearly three hundred shipwrecked fishermen were 
brought to Newfoundland by the Labrador mail steamer. 
The relationship of the Eskimos of Labrador to those of Greenland 
has been a matter of some controversy. I wish to call attention to a 
little fact in regard to the clothing of these two peoples, which may 
have some bearing upon the question of their relationship. On the 
lower edge of the timiak, or coat, of the Labrador Eskimo, in front 
and behind, are two ornamental appendages in the form of flaps; the 
anterior one is but a few inches in length, while the posterior flap 
reaches in some instances below the knee, being narrow at the top 
and gradually broadening out like a beaver’s tail. This is highly 
decorated on the back with various colored pieces of seal-skin from 
which the hair has been removed, and with a border of another 
color from which the hair has not been removed. These flaps are 
