1895.] Geology. 161 
Mohawk Valley and differentiated the waters, the lake then covering 
the Ontario depression, being known as Lake Iroquois. For the lake 
having its outlet at Horseheads, and lying both in geographical horizon 
and in time between lakes Warren and Iroquois, Professor Fairchild 
proposed the name Lake Newberry. —H. L. Farrcutp. 
Geological News, General.—An excellent geological map of 
Alabama has just been issued by the Geological Survey of that State. 
For the exact determination of the limits of the geological formations 
as shown in the map, its chief responsibility and credit are as follows: 
Formations of the coastal plain, Smith, Langdon and Johnson; coal 
measures, McCalley, Squire and Gibson; other Paleozoic formations, 
McCalley, Gibson and Hayes; crystalline rocks, Smith, Phillips and 
McCalley. The colors chosen are distinct, so that the different hori- 
zons are well defined. An explanatory chart accompanies the text. 
According to F. Leslie Ransome, Angel Island, in San Fran- 
cisco Bay, affords an example of a pronounced contact meta- 
morphism effected by the rock of which serpentine is a derivative, 
and by the fourchite, upon cherts and sandstones through which they 
have forced their way. The resulting rocks consist almost wholly of 
holocrystalline schists, which present no essential differences when 
derived from sandstone from those formed by the metamorphism of the 
chert ; also, the schist produced by contact metamorphism alongside 
the serpentine has no distinct feature differentiating it from that adja- 
cent to the fourchite. This leads to the generalization that the attempt 
to assign all of the glaucophene schists of the coast ranges to a general 
regional metamorphism must be abandoned. (Bull. Dept. Geol. Cul. 
University., Vol. I, 1894.) 
Archean.—The so-called Lower Laurentian rocks, near St. John, 
N. B., are found by W. D. Matthew to consist in large part of intru- 
sives of two types, Granite-diorite and Olivine-gabbaro. The age of 
the first of these is later than the Upper Laurentian limestone, and 
may be Devonian, but is probably pre-Cambrian. The age of the 
gabbro is not given. (Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. XIII, 1894.) 
Paleozoic.—The fossils from the Trenton limestones of New York, 
- referred by Prof. Hall to the Graptolitide under the names of 
Buthograptus laxus and Oldhamia fruticosa, are shown by Prof. Whit- 
field to be true marine Alge of the articulate type. The form of the 
Buthograptus when living was probably plumose, with a cylindrical 
11 
