1895.] The Classification of the Lepidoptera. 251 
Beyond the availability of the presence of the fine hairs in 
in the Jugate and their absence in the Frenatz, as a recogni- 
tion character, the phylogenetic significance of this character 
seems to me of interest, and if I interpret it aright, especially 
interesting in the light of Professor Comstock’s recognition of 
two main branches of the Lepidoptera. The Jugate, accord- 
ing to Professor Comstock, are the more generalized group of 
the two. The venation indicates this strongly; Micropteryx 
possesses the most generalized mouthparts to be found among 
Lepidoptera; and, lastly, the mode of tying the wings to- 
gether is the same as obtains in many of the Trichoptera, a 
a group of neuropteroid insects offering many indications of 
affinity with the Lepidoptera. In addition to these indica- 
tions, or, indeed demonstrations, of the generalized condition 
of the group Jugate, the clothing of the wings is essentially 
that of the ‘Trichoptera, only in more specialized state. On 
the wings of the Trichoptera there is a distinct clothing of 
fixed hairs, unstriated, not set in sockets, and not easily re- 
moved. In addition there is a sparse covering of specialized 
hairs, striated, set in sockets, easily rubbed off, very long and 
large compared with the much more numerous fixed hairs, 
and evidently the lepidopterous scale in generalized state. 
The wing-clothing of the Jugatæ is more specialized than 
that of the Trichoptera in two ways: first, by the degradation 
of the fine hairs, tending toward that total disappearance 
which is characteristic of the Frenatz ; and second, by a spe- 
cialization by addition, in the case of the scales, which have, 
indeed, reached almost as high a degree of development as is 
to be found among the Heterocera. This high specialization 
of the scales in Micropteryx and Hepialus does not at all indi- 
cate a high rank for them among Lepidoptera, but merely is 
confirmative of the presumption that they are the existing tips 
of branches whose lower members have disappeared. Nor, in- 
tI have described and compared the clothing of the wings of the Trichoptera 
and Lepidoptera, in some detail, in the paper on the taxonomic value of the 
scales of Lepidoptera (Joc. cit.). 
5 The beginnings of this kind of wing-clothing h t in the Pan- 
orpide. 
