368 The American Naturalist. [April, 
characteristics this formation of southern Brazil offers considerable 
analogies with those of South Africa, India, and Australia, containing 
the Glossopteris flora (see Waagen, Neues Jahrbuch, 1888, II, pp. 
172-177). If, on further study, this analogy is found to hold good, 
we shall have at, or near, the close of the Paleozoic, two strongly con- 
trasted chains of similar formations extending from east to west across 
the whole present land area of the globe. The one with an abundant 
and characteristic marine fauna reaches from China to Bolivia with 
the Salt Range and the Lower Amazons (also the Pichis River locality 
in Peru) as intermediate links; the other, with predominant freshwater 
and terrestrial conditions, reaches from Australia through India and 
Africa to southern central South America.” (Journ. Geol., Vol. II, 
1894.) 
The Affinities of Agriochaerus.—In determining the relation- 
ship of Agriochaerus to the Oreodontidae, Dr. Scott briefly recapitu- 
lates the resemblances and differences of the two families, and gives, as 
a conclusion, that Agriochaerus is the last term in a succession of 
species which form a curiously specialized offshoot of the Oreodontidae, 
its divergencies from that family being principally the results of a 
change in the functions and uses of the feet. The separation of the 
two series was probably already established in the Uinta Eocene, for, 
in spite of its somewhat intermediate character, Protoreodon can be a 
forerunner only of the oreodonts. The Bridger beds may be expected 
to yield the common ancestor of the two series, and this animal will 
probably turn out to be a pentadacty] form, with buno-selenodont den- 
tition and quinquetuberculate upper molars, the unpaired lobe in the 
anterior half of the crown. (Proceeds. Amer. Philos. Soe., Vol. 
XXXIII, 1894.) 
The Mastodons of Russia.—The conclusions reached by Mme. 
Marie Pavlov in her study of the Mastodons of Russia and their rela- 
tions to the Mastodons of other regions, are as follows: 
(1) It is the group of Mastodon called Zygolophodon represented by 
M. borsonii, M. americanus, and their varieties, which had a very great 
a in southwest Russia during the Miocene and Pliocene 
aie Mime of these forms is specific to Russia, all having been widely 
spread in West Europe and North America. 
(3) The group of Mastodon called Bunolophodon i is known only till 
now through a very limited number of specimens of M. arvernensis, 
