392 The American Naturalist. [April, 
“ consciousness” normally related to that brain. But there is cer- 
tainly much evidence for this hypothesis, and, if we adopt it, it would 
obviate all the verbal absurdities of “ unconscious consciousness” and 
the sundry difficulties that attach to other theories. Moreover, the 
theory is directly in line with Professor Morgan’s fundamental concep- 
tions and I am rather surprised that he has not felt inclined to make 
more direct use of it. 
Taken as a whole, Professor Morgan’s book is without doubt the 
best introduction to psychology for mature minds that we possess. Itis 
admirably clear, coherent and consistent. Notwithstanding his dis- 
claimer of originality, in so far as regards his architectonic principles, 
it is not too much to say that he has succeeded in utilizing those prin- 
ciples for the organization of his bewilderingly complex material with 
greater success than has attended the efforts of either Professor James 
or Mr. Spencer. Many of us who are accustomed to use in teaching 
psychology the synthetic method which Professur James condemns so 
vigorously, have done so, not because we were especially wedded to the 
synthetic method as such, but because all attempts hitherto made to 
present the subject analytically only result in confusing the beginner. 
Professor Morgan’s book seems to me the first successful attempt to 
make psychology intelligible by the analytic method, and I intend to 
try at once the experiment of using it as a text-book with beginners. 
Furthermore, the book is most refreshingly free from the phraseology 
of the schools. The old tripartite division of the Englishmen and the 
“faculties” of popular superstition are conspicuous by their absence, 
and the reader is brought face to face with the facts. Throughout, 
the influence of Professor James’ stimulating example seems traceable, 
but there is a consistency and precision in Professor Morgan’s thought 
which one misses in Professor James’. It is true that precision and 
consistency in psychology can be attained, in the present state of the 
science, only by the sacrifice of much that the candid student would 
like to know, and a critical reader would doubtless sow Professor Mor- 
gan’s pages thickly with interrogation points and carets. But the 
beginner needs most of all clearness, precision and substantial accuracy; 
the further processes of exception, modification and introduction of 
alternative theories are best deferred to a later stage. Professor Mor- 
gan has had the needs of the beginner in mind and has met them bet- 
ter than any contemporary writer. 
