1895.] Anthropology. 595 
French caves, and supposed to be of paleolithic age, are now in actual 
use among the Inuit of the Arctic regions of America. The coinci- 
dence covers so many kinds of implements, and the appropriateness of 
the environment is so plain, that the conclusion is almost irresistible, 
that the river valley paleolithic people were, as Boyd Dawkins sup- 
posed, Inuit. But no crania or jaws of these people have been discov- 
ered, so that it is not known. whether they possessed the dental charac- 
ters which I have shown to characterize this race... It would be re- 
markable for this race to have immediately succeeded the Neanderthal 
man in Europe, since the two present dental characters at the extremes 
of the range of variation in the Genus Homo, so that they would be re- 
garded as good genera zoologically speaking, were it not that the rest 
of mankind intervenes between them. Bone barbed spear heads of 
the Inuit pattern have been found in Ohio. The neolithic men of 
Europe do not differ in cranial or dental characters from the majority 
of men, so far as they are known. They were not Inuit. 
It is well known that Messrs Holmes‘ and Maguire? have endeavored 
to prove not only that there was no paleolithic man in North America, 
but that his existence in Europe is problematical. Paleolithic flints 
they regard as rejected cores from which fragments have been split for 
the manufacture of better implements. European authorities do not 
admit this, but maintain the validity of paleolithicman. The question 
to my mind is, however, more complex than it was. If the Neander- 
thal man is the paleolithic man, then he existed beyond a shadow 
of adoubt. But the river-drift men were totally distinct, probably 
Inuit. Did any other paleolithic man exist? The chances of proving 
the existence of such a man in Europe are diminished but not extin- 
guished. 
If we turn to North America, the evidence of the oe of any 
man but the so-called Indian on this t compared 
with the evidence for primitive man which exists in ı Europe, but, such 
as it is, it is important. Paleolithic flints have been found at Little 
Falls in Minnesota, at Newcomerstown in Ohio, and paleolithic argillites 
near Trenton, New Jersey, in beds of plistocene age more or less re- 
lated to glacial conditions. The attempts of Mr. W. H. Holmes to 
discredit these alleged discoveries does not appear to me to be successful. 
His criticism of the great manufactory of turtle-backs at Piney Branch 
near Washington, D.C., which he believes to be the refuse of an arrow 
3 Amer. Journal of Morphology, 1888, p. 7 
* Journal of Geology, 1893, p. 147 ; Aimiican Geologist, 1893, p. 219. 
5 American Anthropologist, 1893, p. 307; American Naturalist, 1895, p. 26. 
