1895.] Anthropology. 599 
versed at any time. The state of affairs on the Pacific Coast may be 
stated as throwing considerable light on the subject. 
The Equus beds are found covering areas of various extent in 
Oregon, Nevada, California, the Staked Plains, Southern Texas, Chi- 
huahua and the valley of Mexico. Their most eastern station is west- 
ern Nebraska. They contain a fauna which includes one extinct spe- 
cies (Equus major Dek.) of the Megalonyx fauna, and the recent Cas- 
tor fiber. They contain the extinct genus of sloths Mylodon, of a species 
different from that of the east, and four species of camels of the extinct 
genus Holomeniscus, and a peccary. Recent species of Canis and 
Thomomys occur, while two extinct horses (Equus occidentalis Leidy and 
E. tau Owen) are common. The hairy elephant (E. primigenius) is 
abundant, while the Mastodon americanus is rare, if occurring at all. 
The proportion of recent to extinct species and genera in the Equus bed 
fauna is very similar to that occurring in the Megalonyx fauna, while 
they differ as to details.” This fauna has also disappeared from 
the continent, a few species, as in the east, surviving to a later date. 
Was its disappearance due to a submergence as in the east? The 
appearance of the beds in Texas leads us to suppose that such was the 
case; while the deposit in Oregon appears to me to be that of a lake 
now desiccated. The gold-bearing gravel of California, which is also 
Plistocene, must have been the result of floods, and its wide distribu- 
tion and stratification resemble conditions due to submergence. 
Whether the Equus fauna was destroyed more or less by submergence 
or not, the réelevation of the Sierra Nevada introduced a period of 
desiccation to the east of it, before which all large mammals remaining 
must have succumbed. 
The remains of man have been shown to occur in the gold-bearing 
gravels. I have found them (obsidian spear and arrow heads) in pro- 
fusion mixed with the bones of the extinct fauna at Fossil Lake, Ore- 
gon, in a friable and wind-blown formation. This man, however, so 
far at least as regards California was not Paleolithic, since he made 
smoothly ground pestles and mortars. 
There is, therefore, considerable probability that man wasa contem- 
porary of the Equus fauna, and the Equus fauna was contemporary 
with the Megalonyx fauna of the east.—E. D. Core. 
Paleolithic Man.—7o the Editor of the American Naturalist :— 
Dear Sir:—In the January number of your estimable Journal, 
See American Naturalist, 1889, p. 160, for a partial list of the species of this 
fauna. 
