84 The American Naturalist. 



[.Imii, 



ie side, well specialized leaf-shaped blades, either worked all round 

 arpened to points, " punches," knife-shaped blades, hammer stones, 



nvils," flaked cores and nodules worked i 



i exception a 



3. Discovered blocks of raw material, flint nodules with chalk still 

 adhering to them, showing that the workmen had pulled them out of 

 neighboring flint bearing chalk beds, lay in piles at the site. 



4. Several large nodules had been sharpened at one end, leaving the 

 rest of the nodular surface untouched. 



5. The hammer stones found were not the numerous oval flint peb- 

 bles lying about the site and showing no signs of pounding (though 

 they had been brought to the spot by workmen), but less regular frag- 

 ments of flint, sometimes knocked into shape and scored with the 

 marks of battering. Sometimes they weighed from five to six pounds. 



6. Large flint masses, called by Mr. Smith "anvil stones," were 

 found, showing slight traces of bruising, whicn, owing to slight' doubts 

 of the explorer, were not preserved. 



7. The punches discovered were thin, stalactite shaped nodules, 

 bruised at both ends, weighing sometimes a pound or more, which with 

 "fabricators," pieces of nicked flint used for flaking, in the explorer's 

 opinion, were found mixed with the blade refuse. As opposed to Mr. 

 Smith's view of flaking by means of stone punches and " fabricators," 



I the North An 



, when working under simi- 



lar circumstances, used bone, tho 



how the Caddington specimens could be accurately reproduced with an 



iron hammer and a broken gimlet or awl used as a punch. 



8. Cores were discovered from which flakes had been worked (a) by 

 careful blows, (b) by smashing with heavy blocks. 



9. A beautifully veined pebble, found at the spot, had been brought 

 there as an object of value by the ancient blade workers. 



10. Several piles of apparently selected flakes were discovered. 



11. A twin flake, held together by a fine, unsplit section, ready to 

 break at a slight jar, was found with the refuse, showing that the work- 

 shop site, an area probably covering nearly an acre, had been very 

 gently overspread with the now overlying drift-material, a deposition 

 which had failed to seriously disturb the situation. Mr. Smith, who 

 was present at the brick-pits, at short intervals, for nearly six years, in 

 gstbering this remarkable evidence, repeated observations previously 

 made by him at Stoke Newington, Common, London, where, besides 

 duplicates of many of the specimens referred to above, he found two 

 artifically pointed stakes, a scratched log and a chipped blade resting 

 on the scapula of a Mammoth (now on exhibition at the British Mu- 



