1896.] Psychology. 159 



tion of known physical and chemical forces, but were of a character 

 precisely the opposite of their known effects. To account for this, he 

 thought we must assume in organic matter the existence of an activity 

 distinct from all the other activities of nature. Progressive evolution is 

 the chief outcome of this activity, and therefore he had proposed to 

 term it an anagenetic, or upbuilding activity, a> .>pp ( >sed to the kata- 

 genetic or destructive activities of physics and chemistry. This ana- 

 genetic activity Prof. Cope was inclined to believe due to the presence of 



factor in the individual and in evolution. 



Prof. Cope was followed by Prof. J. Mark Baldwin, of Princeton, 

 who commented upon several points of Prof. Cope's argument, drawing 

 special attention to the fact that recent investigation iuto the effect on 

 young children of their surroundings makes it more easy to account 

 for adaptation without reference to inheritance of acquired aptitudes. 

 He also deplored the sharp antithesis between the doctrine of conscious- 

 ness as a cause and as a epi phenomenon, holding that both views found 

 their reconciliation in monism. 



Prof. C. Sedgwick Miuot,of Harvard, attacked the neo-Lamarckian 

 doctrine from the neo- Darwinian point of view, supporting his position 

 by evidence drawn from his own work in embryology. He suggested, 

 as a speculation, that consciousness, although not itself a force, might 

 be conceived to possess the property of selecting out of the brain forces 

 that one which it is control conduct. 



Prof. G. 8. Ladd, of Yale, welcomed Prof. Cope's address as an im- 

 portant contribution from the purely scientific point of view to the 

 support of doctrines held by himself in common with many other meta- 

 physicians, and made a plea for the recognition of the metaphysician 

 on the part of scientists as a coworker in the field of knowledge. 



Prof. Fullertou, of the University, called attention to our actual 

 ignorance on all these points, and expressed the opinion that funda- 

 mental differences exist which cannot be glossed over by such vague 



Other speakers were : Prof. J. H. Hyslop, of Columbia ; Dr. D. 8. 

 Miller, of Bryn Mawr, and Dr. Wesley Mills, of McGill University, 

 Montreal. 



Prof. Cope then concluded the discussion by adducing a series of 

 arguments in favor of the inheritance of acquired attributes, any one of 

 which, he held, would be sufficient to set the matter at rest. 



At the afternoon session, Prof G.T. W. Patrick, of the University of 

 Iowa, reported an experiment on the effects of loss of sleep. A patient 



