1896.] Bacterial Species in Nonnal Fore Milk. 185 



This conclusion was based upon preliminary cheese curd 

 tests made at Madison, Wisconsin, August, 1894, and duplica- 

 ted at Fargo in October, and finally upon qualitative analysis 

 made during a period of three winter months, with ten differ- 

 ent milch cows under consideration. 



The point to be reported upon, at this time, is that of the 

 constancy of species as found : (a) for the same cow for a given 

 length of time ; (b) in the same teat of the same cow ; and (c) 

 as to whether species are common to different cows or not upon 



In general, the evidence of the work associated with the last 

 named report, was to the effect that there is no evidence that 

 germs are of any certainty common to different animals upon 

 the same date under like conditions ; but that a certain inhab- 

 itant of the udder of the same animal may remain quite con- 

 stant. Thus while only one species, number 30, was observed 

 to be present in more than two animals of the original ten 

 animal test upon different dates, several different species were 

 found to occur at several dates in the same udder. 



Commencing July 1st, three animals were placed under cul- 

 tural investigation, number 24 of which was an animal of the 

 original ten, also number 21. Cultures were attempted from 

 each teat upon gelatine and agar, as often as the work could 

 be handled, the same methods of procuring milk being used 

 as in the previous work, except in the different tests of the 

 same animal, the milk tube or trochar, was inserted different 

 depths. Some sixty of these distinct milkings were taken 

 upon fifteen different dates, during which time the cows ran 

 upon a clean pasture during the day, being housed at night. 

 The milk samples were taken sometimes in the morning and 

 sometimes at night. In all, thirty-seven different species of bac- 

 teria were separated ; and, as in past work, were found to be of 

 various physiological types, gelatine liquifiers, non-liquifiers, 

 solid curd types, peptonizing forms, acid and alkali curdlers, 

 etc., including bacilli, micrococci of various forms, and a strep- 

 tococcus. Thus it may be said that, in general, forms collected 

 are miscellaneous. 



