1896.] Geology and Paleontology. 311 



In conclusion, jfixtotherium is then a type intermediate between the 

 Suillines and the Anoplotheroids, and has been derived from a common 

 stock, which also gave origin very probably to the Oreodonts.— 

 Charles Earle, Laboratoire de Palseontologie, Jardin des Plautes, 

 Paris. 



The Glaciers of Greenland.— Prof. Chamberlin's report on the 

 Geology of Greenland contains the results of his observations of glacier 

 phenomena in the region explored by the Peary auxiliary expedition 

 of 1894. The seventeen glaciers visited fall into two classes designated 

 the southern and northern types. The former are distinguished by 

 ending in a slope of moderate declivity, the latter end in abrupt terminal 

 walls which rise to heights of 50 to 150 feet. The author notes here 

 that he is speaking of glaciers that end upon the land. Obviously, 

 those that reach the sea terminate in vertical walls through the break- 

 ing away of the ends. Not only are the ends of the glacial tongues 

 vertical, but in some instances the sides are so likewise. To some 

 extent the edge of the ice-cap itself is vertical. 



The stratification of these glaciers is remarkable for extent and 

 ctefiniteness. The ice is almost as distinctly bedded as sedimentary 

 rock. The following points are noted by the author : 



" In the vertical face there are usually presented two distinct divisions, 

 an upper one of nearly white ice, whose laminations are not conspic- 

 uous, from lack of differential coloration, and a lower one discolored by 

 debris, which gives great distinctness to the bedded structure. The lower 

 divisions is divided by very numerous partings, along which are distrib- 

 uted rocky debris, embracing not only sand and silt, but rubble and 

 boulders. Often the amount of this interspread debris is so slight as to 

 constitute the merest film, while at other times it reaches a thickness of 



an inch or two In general, the rocky debris is arranged 



in very definite and limited horizons leaving the ice above and below 

 as clean and pure as any other. It is very notable and significant that 

 the ice next the debris layers is the firmest and most perfect that the 

 glacier affords. The coarser debris is arranged in the same horizons 

 with the fine silt and clay Where ice is well lamina- 

 ted, as it commonly is, the laminations bend under and over the em- 

 bedded boulders. This seems to indicate that the embedded boulders 

 do not descend through the ice by virtue of superior gravity, but are 

 retained in the original position given them by the embedding process. 

 The extent to which the basal portion of the ice is laminated is remark- 

 able. In selected cases twenty laminations might be counted to the 



