1896.] Geology and Paleontology. 401 



" The evidence is clear that during the formation of the upper two 

 beaches an outlet was found to the Wabash, past Fort Wayne, Indi- 

 ana. At the time the third or Belmore beach was formed (and its 

 probable continuation, the Sheridan beach) this outlet had been aban- 

 doned. It is thought that the ice sheet had retreated so far from the 

 Huron and Michigan basins as to open a lower outlet through these 

 basins than past Fort Wayne. It seems improbable that an eastward 

 outlet was then open, for the district south of Lake Ontario was appar- 

 ently still occupied by the ice sheet. It is evident that no outlet to the 

 east could have existed until the ice sheet had withdrawn from the 

 Lockport moraine sufficiently for a passage eastward along its southern 

 margin. If my interpretations are correct, the Crittenden beach had 

 been for a long time occupied by the lake before an eastward outlet 

 \v:i~ optiH'tl, :i time sufficient, not only for the Lockport moraine, but 

 for seveial other slightly older minor moraines to be formed. During 

 that time, the lake in all probability discharged westward through the 

 Huron and Michigan basins past Chicago. When the gates to the 

 eastward were opened by the withdrawal of the ice sheet there was 

 probably a brief period in which the lake discharged through the Sen- 

 eca Valley into the Susquehanna. But soon the lower outlet by the 

 Mohawk was opened and the lake fell rapidly to that level, leaving 

 but feeble traces of beach or wave action in its intermediate stages." 

 (Amer. Jour. Sci., Vol. L, 1895.) 



Geological News.— General.— The periods of volcanic activity 

 in New Brunswick, as stated by Wm. D. Matthews, are: 



1. Huronian.— Southern New Brunswick and the northern water- 



2. Silurian and Early Devonian.— Passamaquoddy Bay, Bale Cha- 

 leur, etc. 



3. Sub. Carboniferous.— Borders of the central plain, Grand Lake, 

 Blue Mountains of the Tobique. 



4. Triaimc.— Quaco, Grand Manan. (Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc, New 

 Brunswick, No. XIII, 1895.) 



Paleozoic— The " shists lustres " of Mont Jovet are shown by Dr. 

 Gregory to be older than the Trias (1) by the occurrence of fragments 

 of the schists in the Trias ; (2) by the discordance of strike between the 

 two series ; (3) by the occurrence of masses of dolomite resting uncon- 

 formably on the flanks of the shists ; and (4) by the fact that the Trias 

 has escaped the metamorphism which the schists have undergone. 

 (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, 1896.) 



Mr. C. H. Gordon's investigations of the St. Louis and Warsaw for- 

 mations in southeastern Iowa furnishes evidence in favor of Calvin'3 



