1896.] A New Factor in Evolution. 447 



Lloyd Morgan, this prevents the ' incidence of natural selec- 

 tion,' So the supposition that intelligence is operative turns 

 out to be just the supposition which makes use-inheritance 

 unnecessary. Thus kept alive, the species has all the time 

 necessary to perfect the variations required by a complete in- 

 stinct. And when we bear in mind that the variation re- 

 quired is not on the muscular side to any great extent, but in 

 the central brain connections, and is a slight variation for 

 functional purposes at the best, the hypothesis of use-inherit- 

 ance becomes not only unnecessary, but to my mind quite 

 superfluous " (ref. 4, p. 439). And for adaptations generally, 

 /'the most plastic individuals will be preserved to do the 

 advantageous things for which their variations show them 

 to be the most fit, and the next generation will show an 

 emphasis of just this direction in its variations " (ref. 3, p. 

 221). 



We get, therefore, from Organic Selection, certain results in 

 the sphere of phylogeny : 



1. This principle «^";« hij siirriniJ certain lines of determinate 

 phylogenetic variation in tin tlirtctiniu of th> <l<t* rininatt oatog> n- 

 etic adaptations of tin carlitr generation. The variations which 

 were utilized for ontogenetic adaptation in the earlier genera- 

 tion, being thus kept in existence, are utilized more widely 

 in the subsequent generation (ref. 3, 4). " Congenital varia- 

 tions, on the one hand, are kept alive and made effective by 

 their use for adaptations in the life of the individual ; and, on 

 the other hand, adaptations become congenital by further 

 progress and refinement of variation in the same lines of func- 

 tion as those which their acquisition by the individual called 

 into play. But there is no need in either case to assume the 

 Lamarkian factor " (ref. 3). And in cases of conscious adap- 

 tation : " We reach a point of view which gives to organic evo- 

 lution a sort of intelligent direction after all ; for of all the 

 variations tending in the direction of an adaptation, but inad- 

 equate to its complete performance, only those will be supple- 

 nunted and kept alin. nhich the i„tellig< nee ratines and uses. The 

 principle of 'selective value' applies to the others or to some of 

 them. So natural selection kills off the others; and the future 



