1396.] Proceedings of Scientific Socitties. 525 



American Philosophical Society. — April 17. — Dr. D. G. Brin- 

 ton read an obituary notice of Henry Hazelhurst. 



May 1st. — A Symposium on the Factors of Organic Evolution was 

 held. Three stated papers were followed l>v open discussion. The 

 papers were read by Prof. E. D. Cope, who approached the subject from 

 the standpoint of paleontology ; Prof. E. G. Conklin, who discussed it 

 from the embryologic point of view ; and Prof. L. H. Bailey, who ad- 

 duced the facts of botany in support of his conclusions. Dr. D. G. 

 Brinton discussed the papers previously read. 



May 15th- — Prof. A. H. Smyth read an obituary notice of Henry 

 Phillips, Jr. Prof. E. D. Cope read two papers, entitled Sixth Contri- 

 bution to the History of the Miocene Yertebrata of N. A. ; and Second 

 contribution to the history of the Cotylosauria. 



Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.— May 8th.— 

 Anthropological Section.— Papers were read by Dr. M. V. Ball on 

 " Tattooing among Convicts." and by Dr. H. Allen on " Ethnic Bear- 

 ing of the Classification of the Hand."— Chas. P. Morris, Recorder. 



The Academy of Science of St. Louis.— At the meeting of 

 May 18, 1896, Professor C. M. Woodward presented a critical examina- 

 tion of some of the mathematical formula? employed by Herbart to re- 

 present mental phenomena, in which these formula? were criticised as 

 inadequate. Though not considering any formula? likely to be adequ- 

 ate, from the nature of the case, the speaker offered a substitute for the 

 Herbart formula pertaining to the bringing into consciousness of a sub- 

 latent concept through the suggestion afforded by another concept 

 similar in some respects while differing in others. 



Dr. A. N. Ravold made a report on the use in St. Louis of diphtheria 

 antitoxine, prepared by the Health Department of the city. During 

 the past winter, 342 cases of diphtheria had been treated with this 

 serum, by 93 physicians. Doses of from 2.5 to 106 cc. had been ad- 

 ministered. As a rule, the recovery was far slower when the quantity 

 used was small than when a larger quantity was employed. Usually 

 the serum was administered only once. In about half the cases a 

 decided change for the better was noticeable within 24 hours, and these 

 cases were practically cured within 48 hours, although attention was 

 called to the fact that for some weeks the throat of a convalescent is a 

 breeding-place for the diphtheritic bacilli, the virulence of which did 

 not seem to be diminished by the serum treatment. Of the cases re- 

 ported on, 9.06 per cent, only, died, and as a considerable number of 

 cases were hopeless when treatment was administered, the patients dying 



