80 The American Naturalist. [January, 
ENTOMOLOGY! 
Antenne of Lepidoptera.—Mr. Donaldson Bodine summarizes” 
his studies of the antennz of Lepidoptera as follows: 
1. “ Muscles in the head move the scape; muscles in the scape move 
the pedicel ; distad of the scape no muscles have been demonstrated, 
and the clavola is, therefore, capable of motion in itself only when acted 
upon by some external force causing a flexure and a subsequent exten- 
sion. 
2. Besides organs for protection there are at least six types of sense 
organs situated in the antennz, and all but one are developed from a 
simple sense-hair, inserted at the ectal end of a pore canal through 
which it is connected with a multinuclear sense-cell. 
3. The antennz doubtless function as sense organs of touch, smell 
and hearing, although those senses are not subject to the same limita- 
tions as in the higher animals and may be considerably different in 
their range of perception. 
4. The antennz show that all Lepidoptera are descended from one 
primitive stem form, of which we may predicate the more essential 
feature of structure, 
5. The evolution of ventral expansions, of pectinations, of the chitin- 
ous surface, of the sense organs shows an increasing differentiation of 
structure following the demand for increasing specialization of fune- 
tion. 
6. In the more essential features, the evidence of the antenne of all 
the families of the Lepidoptera confirms the provisional classification 
based upon the wing structures, though in a number of cases it indi- 
cates a change in the relationships of the families.” 
Sleeping Trees of Hymenoptera.—At a recent meeting of the 
Entomological Society of Washington, Mr. E. A. Schwarz reported 
these interesting observations.’ In Texas during April and May two 
species of bees, Melissodes pygmaeus Cress. and Celioxys texanus Cress- 
were seen at 7.30 A. M. sleeping on dead bushes, mostly Celtis pallida. 
It is on the thinnest, outermost twigs and more particularly on the stout 
thorns with which this shrub is liberally provided that single sleeping 
! Edited by Clarence M. Weed, New Hampshire College, Durham, N. H. 
? Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXIII, 47. 
3 Proceedings, IV, 24. 
