174 The American Naturalist. [February, 
Prof. Creighton discussed the concept of the “ Transcendental Ego,” 
and was followed by Mr. F. C. S. Schiller, who examined the nature of 
“ Pessimism,” and Prof. James Seth, who discussed the “Standpoint 
and Method of Ethics.” Two papers devoted to logic were given in 
outline merely. Prof. J. G. Hibben exhibited and explained a set of 
diagrams by means of which the various forms of immediate inference 
were generalized and schematized. Prof. A. T. Ormond summed up his 
position with regard to the negative in logic. 
. The session closed with a report by Prof. Sanford on a new eye 
sphygmograph, which furnishes the best available method (apart from 
vivisection) of measuring the blood supply of the brain. After de- 
scribing the apparatus, he exhibited diagrams of records obtained by 
means of it before and after nervous excitation; these were compared 
with simultaneous records of the wrist pulse. 
The afternoon session was devoted to the Address of the out-going 
President, Prof. Fullerton. The subject of the address was “ The 
“ Knower’ in Psychology.” Opening with an historical review of the 
position taken by various thinkers regarding the agent or subject of 
knowledge, he proceeded to criticise in detail the theories held by Prof. 
Ladd and other members of the Association. After the address Prof. 
Ladd replied to the criticism of his own views. 
At the business meeting of the Association, Prof. J. Mark Baldwin, 
of Princeton, was elected President for the ensuing year, and Dr. Liv- 
ingston Farrand, of Columbia, was re-elected Secretary and Treasurer. 
Several new members were elected into the Association, and the two 
annual vacancies in the Council were filled. The committee appointed 
at the previous meeting (1895) to formulate a system*of uniform phy- 
sical and mental tests, submitted their report, which was not read in 
full owing to the lateness of the hour. The committee were unable to 
agree on a complete system of uniform tests; they recommended that 
for the present considerable latitude be given within certain broad 
lines, with a view to comparing various tests, so that the best may 
eventually be adopted.—H. C. W. 
PROCEEDINGS OF SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES. 
The American Society of Naturalists met December 29th, = 
the Harvard Medical School, Boston. The meeting of the affiliated 
Societies, was fully up to the standard of previous gatherings, both as a 
the amount of work accomplished and the attendance. The programs © 
