260 The American Naturalist. [Mareh, 
The ventral trunk muscles present a distinct carnivore type in their 
arrangement, instanced by the high thoracic extension of the rectus 
abdominalis, the occurrence of a well-developed supra costalis, the union 
of levator scapule and serratus magnus, the thoracic extension of the 
scalenus group—iuterlocking both with the serratus magnus and obli- 
quus externus. 
The aponeurosis of the obliquus externus presents a well-developed 
division of the internal pillar of the external abdominal ring, dove- 
tailing with the one from the opposite side and forming the triangular 
ligament of the same. 
Mr. H. E. Crampton, Jr., reported some of his “ Observations Upon 
Fertilization in Gasteropods.” 
The observations were made upon the eggs of a species of Doris, col- 
lected last summer on the Pacific coast by Mr. Calkins, and upon à 
species of Bulla which deposited eggs at Woods Holl during the months 
of August and September. The results may best be summarized by 
stating that a complete confirmation was obtained of the accounts of 
fertilization given by Wilson and Mathews, Boveri, and Hill for sea- 
urchins, Meade for Cheetopterus, Kostanecki and Wiejyewski for Physa, 
etc. The sperm nucleus is preceded by the divided centrosome ; an aster, 
however, not being found till the union of the germ-nuclei. The first 
polar spindle lies at each pole a double centrosome, the second matura- 
tion spindle but one. These are of great size, however, and the one re- 
maining in the egg finally disintegrates, the centrosome of the first cleav- 
age spindle being derived from the sperm. The germ-nuclei do not 
fuse, but lie very close to one another, in contact. 
r. N. R. Harrington gave an account of the life history of Ento- 
concha, a mollusc parasitic in a Holothurian. His paper was illus- 
trated by photographs. 
The following paper was read by title: N. R. Harrington and B. B. 
Griffin, “ Notes on the Distribution, Habits and Habitat of Some Puget 
Sound Invertebrates.” —C. L. BRISTOL, Secretary. 
Torrey Botanical Club.—At the annual meeting of the Torrey 
Botanical Club, beld Tuesday evening, January 12, 1897, six new active 
and two corresponding members were elected. Resolutions of sorrow 
were adopted regarding the death of Mr. Wm. H. Rudkin, one of the 
oldest members, the discoverer of the hybrid oak Quercus Rudkinu. 
Annnal reports were presented by the standing committees and officers. 
It was resolved to print a list of the desiderata of the herbarium of plants 
growing within 100 miles of the city. The Treasurer reported a cash 
