1897.] Geology and Paleontology. 337 
general name, as the Erie-Huron lakes, and for each separate stage 
having a separate outlet a particular name. Mr. Taylor’s especial 
contribution to science in this paper is the discovery of certain outlets 
and the correlation of the shore-lines (as shown by the beaches), the 
outlets, and the retaining dams (indicated by the moraines) of the sepa- 
rate lakes. The relations of these features to each other are discussed 
in detail, but may be indicated by the table on page 336. 
Lake Agassiz.—Mr. J. B. Tyrrell suggests that Lake Agassiz had 
its beginning as follows: Starting with the Dawson idea of three great 
centers of snow and ice on the North American continent during the 
glacial period, he traces the history of the centre great glacier (Ke- 
watin) which originated northwest of Hudson Bay. A portion of this 
glacier occupied the basin of Lake Winnipeg and the Red River Valley 
for a long time. As it retired a portion of the eastern or Laurentide 
glacier was advancing. The Kewatin glacier seems to have retired 
northward well into Manitoba, and possibly even beyond the northern 
limit of that province, before it was joined by the eastern glacier. 
When they united the water was ponded between the fronts of the two 
glaciers to the north and east, and the high land to the south and west. 
Such is the origin of Lake Agassiz. Its waters rapidly rose until they 
overflowed southward into the valley of the Mississippi, and then 
gradually declined as the river Warren deepened its channel. (Journ. 
Geol., Vol. IV, 1896). 
The Prehistoric Dog.—M. Th. Studer, of Berne, has presented 
an interesting work to the Soc. helvetique des sci. nat. on the races of 
dogs found in the lacustrine deposits of the Stone Age. These are Canis 
palustris, a small species dating from the neolithic ; a large dog found 
in Lake Ladoga and Lake Neuchatel, which is related to the Siberian 
sledge-dog; and Canis familiaris Leineri, a large, slender dog, remind- 
ing one of the Scottish greyhound. 
The shepherd dog appeared in the Age of Bronze, and also a hunting 
dog (Canis familiaris matris-optime and Canis fam. intermedius). 
These different races have a common palearctic origin. The Mediter- 
ranean and Egyptian races are derived from a different type of equa- 
torial origin. (Revue Scientif., Jan., 1897). 
Geological News.—Mesozorc.—The Museum of Lyon publishes 
in its Archives the drawings made by M. Jourdan, of a series of singular 
organisms which he classed as Echinoderms under the names Pegma- 
crinus cupulatus, P. radiatus, P. inflatus and P. gracilis. Since Mr. 
Jourdan’s death these organisms have been much in dispute ; zoologists 
