456 The American Naturalist. [May, 
educational journals have devoted considerable space to child study. 
The works of Prof, Baldwin (Mental Development in the Child and the 
Race) and Miss Shinn (Notes on the Development of a Child) belong to 
the previous year ; but two new studies of individual child development 
have appeared within the past twelve months. Mrs. K. C. Moore’s 
monograph (Mental Development of a Child) is a very full record of the 
growth of her own child during its first two years; the author shows 
considerable judgment in her selection of material, as well as in its 
classification and discussion. Mrs. W. 8. Hall has a similar study in 
hand, in a series of articles in the Child-Study Monthly, entitled The 
First Five Hundred Days of a Child’s Life; five papers have already 
appeared ; they are thorough and extremely suggestive. In connection 
with the statistical method, Dr. J. W. David, of Warsaw, reported at 
the Psychological Congress the results of a syllabus on the growth of 
ideas in children ; he compared these results (on Polish children) with 
similar studies by other investigators in Germany and America. Mr. 
J. C. Shaw gives in the Pedagogical Seminary a statistical test of 
memory in school children. Prof. Sully’s Studies of Childhood, while 
not statistical in method, contains a fund of material, new and old, on 
almost every topic of child study. Besides these general works, valu- 
able contributions have been made by other writers to various branches 
of child psychology during the year. 
Language.—It is interesting to compare the observations of Mrs. 
Moore (M) and Mrs. Hall (H) regarding the child’s progress in learn- 
ing to speak. The first sound observed by M was the short a uttered 
in crying ; other sounds were made from the 36th day on, and ten days 
later responsive sounds were habitually made. Norecord was kept by 
H of the earliest babbling, except that the child began about the 47th 
day to “talk back” with the word “goo.” H noted a distinction be- 
tween the cries of hunger, pain, impatience and appeal by the ninth 
week, to which a cry of pleasure was added in the eleventh week. M 
noted different sounds for hunger and distress in the 12th week ; these 
became real words by the 29th week. H observed the lip-movements 
corresponding to the words “ mama,” “ papa” and “ bye-bye” in the 
32th week. The child’s spoken words were first associated by him with 
definite objects in the 42nd week in both cases. The growth of vocabu- 
lary differed somewhat in form and rapidity. H records 3 words 
learned at the end of the 10th month, and 12, 24, 38, 58, 106, 199, at 
the end of the succeeding months ; at the end of the 500 days the child 
was familiar with 232 words. M does not mention the progress by 
