1897.] Botany. 615 
Cenozorc.—The following is the history of Crater Lake, Oregon, as 
worked out by Mr. J. S. Diller. 
During the early glacial period Crater Lake did not exist, its site 
being occupied by an active volcano, Mt. Mazama. During the final 
great eruption of this volcano its summit caved in giving rise toa 
caldera nearly six miles in diameter and four thousand feet deep. 
Upon the bottom of the caldera volcanic activity continued. There 
were new eruptions forming cinder cones and lava fields partially re- 
filling the great pit. Volcanic activity ceasing, the conditions were 
favorable for water accumulation and Crater Lake was formed in the 
pit. (Amer. Journ. Sci., Vol. II, 1897.) 
From a study of parts of Labrador and Baffin Land Mr. R. S. Tarr 
concludes that all of that region, except possibly, the highest parts, has 
been buried beneath an ice sheet and there is evidence that the ice has 
withdrawn from these regions in very recent times. Down cutting of 
the surface by glacial action is more marked in Labrador than in Baffin 
Land. Post-glacial weathering is very pronounced in both regions. 
(Amer. Geol., Vol, XIX, 1897.) 
BOTANY. 
Botanical Society of America.—The Third Annual Meeting of 
the Society will be held in Toronto on Tuesday and Wednesday, Aug- 
ust 17th and 18th, 1897, under the presidency of Dr. John M. Coulter. 
The Council will meet at 1 P. M. on Tuesday, and the first session of 
the Society will begin at 3 P. M. The address of the retiring Presi- 
dent, Dr. Charles E. Bessey, will be given on Tuesday evening at 8 
o'clock, , 
The British Association for the Advancement of Science will meet in 
Toronto, August 18th to 25th. The opening address is to be given on 
Wednesday evening, August 18th. Professor A. B. Macallum, Presi- 
dent of the Local Executive Committee, writes : 
“A great many of the members of the Botanical Section of the 
B. A. A.S. are booked to leave Liverpool August 5th. They will arrive 
in Quebec and Montreal, if they make the usual time, by the 14th and 
15th respectively, and will be in Toronto on Tuesday evening (17th) 
at latest. Some may stay over at Montreal and Ottawa and possibly 
l Edited by Prof. C. E. Bessey, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska. 
