682 The American Naturalist. [ August, 
Mixodectes appear to be related to the Lemurs, but in the case 
of Indrodon the shape of the external cusps of the superior 
molars are not at all lemurine, and resemble more those of the 
Cheiroptera. 
The Wasatch genus, Anaptomorphus, has been placed by 
Hubrecht with Tarsius, among the Apes and for what reason? 
It certainly has only one Anthropoid character, the presence 
of an internal lobe to the third upper premolar. If Anapto- 
morphus is an Ape, then I claim that this is absolute evidence 
that the Apes have come from the Lemurs, for Anaptomorphus 
is in all ofits characters a Lemur closely related to Tarsius. How- 
ever, Anaptomorphus is an important type in connection with the 
phylogeny of some of the Anthropoids, and may have given 
origin to the American Monkeys, these latter having arisen in- 
dependently from the Old World Apes. Numerous peculiari- 
ties in the structure of the Cebide as compared with the Cerco- 
pithecide support this view. Excepting Anaptomorphus it ap- 
pears probable that none of American fossil lemurines can be 
considered as ancestral to either the recent Lemurs or Apes. 
In the Oligocene of France the primitive Lemurs were very 
abundant, and they were represented by numerous genera 
other than the well-known Adapis and Microchoerus. Conse- 
quently, as far as we know, the recent Lemurs must have been 
derived from some of the genera now found as fossils in North- 
ern Europe. Mr. Lydekker is of the opinion that Apes occur 
in the Oligocene of France, but I have not been able to find 
any evidence for this view, as most of the supposed Apes from 
the Phosphorites have been shown to be Suillines. The struc- — 
ture of the upper molars of Adapis is very similar to that of 
recent Lemurs, the external lobes being lenticular in section as 
in recent forms, the protocone is placed well forward and the hy- 
pocone is more primitive than in many of the Lemurine. As far 
as I have examined, all recent genera of the subfamily Lemur- 
ine have tritubercular superior molars with varying develop- 
ment of the supplementary internal cusps. In the Indrisin® 
the molars are truly quadritubercular and the internal cusps 
are nearly selenoid in structure. It is strange that among — 
American Monkeys, Mycetes has a type of superior molar which 
