710 The American Naturalist. [ August, 
along shear and thrust planes. Hence, in speaking of the Himalaya of 
a past geological age or epoch I mean that old representative of them 
which held about the same position, and acted functionally in the same 
way as does the mountain range going by the name of Himalaya to-day. 
It may sometimes have been represented by long parallel coast lines, 
or by archipelagoes with chains of mountainous islands following simi- 
lar parallel lines, but that it kept certain original features, and that a 
core recognizable in its unity persisted throughout Tertiary, Secondary, 
and possibly into Paleozoic times, I have no doubt.” (Mem. Geol. 
Surv. India, XX VI, 1896.) 
Geological History of the Bermudas.—Mr. Tarr’s field work 
in the Bermudas results in the following conclusions in regard to the 
history of these islands as revealed by the rocks. First, there was a 
base rock, formed by the waves which ground up shell fragments upon 
the beach. This was consolidated into a dense limestone, which was 
elevated and denuded, and finally depressed and attacked by the waves. 
During the last stage it was partly covered by a beach deposit. Then 
came an uplift during which a wind-drift structure of consolidated 
coral sand was formed on the beach rock. The last stage has been a 
depression that carried the level down nearly to that of the beach which 
was formed before the uplift occurred. This work of construction has 
been done in recent times, the history dating back into Pleistocene time 
only, or possibly early Cenozoic. (Amer. Geol., Vol. XIX, 1897.) 
Canadian Paleozoic Fossils.—A systematic list of all the species 
from the Galena-Trenton and Black River formations of the vicinity 
of Lake Winnipeg, now in the Museum of the Canadian Survey, pre 
pared by Dr. Whiteaves, is published by the Survey, with descriptions 
and illustrations of 26 new species. According to the author, the most 
striking feature of the fossils of the Winnipeg and Red River forma- 
tions is the large size to which many of the specimens attain. Refer- 
ence is made to one of the Receptaculitide (R. owenii) which is known 
to be 12-20 inches in diameter. Orthoceratites have been found meas- 
uring 44 to 6 feet in length. Rough casts of the interior of spirally 
coiled discoidal shells, apparently allied to Barrandeoceras are nearly 
or quite two feet across. A siphuncle of Endoceras crassisiphonatum, 
which is also imperfect at both ends, is nearly 3 feet long, and the fin 
cheek of a trilobate, Asaphus (Isotelus) gigas, indicates a specimen that 
must have been twenty inches in length when alive. 
A brief resumé of the exploration of the Lake Winnipeg limestones 
prefaces the descriptions of the fossils. (Paleozoic Fossils, Vol. HI, 
Pt, III Ottawa, 1897.) 
