1897.] Biology and Medicine. 763 
causes of these abnormalities. Pathological biology must rest 
upon a knowledge of normal biology. Between these two great 
divisions of biology no sharp lines of demarcation can be 
drawn. The province of one encroaches at many points upon 
that of the other and they are capable of yielding each other 
mutual aid. 
Although certain directions of pathological study can be 
followed in a University independently of a medical school, 
the natural environment of a pathological laboratory is the 
medical school and hospital, where it can obtain the necessary 
material for study. Here only can pathology flourish in its 
entirety. 
At the exercises connected with the laying of the corner | 
stones of these laboratories, President Harper uttered these 
significant words: “In laying these corner stones to-day we 
are laying the foundations of a school of medicine, for aside 
from the distinct work outlined in each department there is 
that great and important service to be rendered in the establish- 
ment of a school of medicine, the chief work of which shall be 
investigation.” It will not therefore be out of place at the 
dedication of these laboratories if I say a few words concerning 
their relations to the proposed school of medicine and the need 
of such a school. 
A university is the historical and proper place for the estab- 
lishment of a medical school. Before there wasa school of law 
at Bologna or of theology at Paris, there was a school of medi- 
cine at Salernum. For centuries all that there was of biology 
was to be found in the medical faculty. The union between 
medical school and university is of mutual advantage and each 
receives renown from the other. The distinction of great 
universities has often rested in no small measure upon their 
medical faculties, as witness such names as Johannes Müller, 
Virchow, DuBois-Reymond, Ludwig, Kölliker, to mention only 
a few biologists. The advantages to the medical school of this 
union are manifold. Among the more important of these may 
be mentioned the encouragement of research, the development 
of the scientific spirit and of university ideals, the proper 
maintenance of laboratories, contact with other departments of 
