1897.] Entomology. 815 
wise, in “ protective mimicry.” After citing a number of remarkable 
cases more or less well known he remarks, “ Now in all these phenom- 
ena we have form and color supplemented by action, the object of all 
of which taken together is the protection of life. * * * * It was Mr. 
Bates who wrote in his “ Naturalist on the Amazon,” that “on the wing 
of the butterfly is written, as on a tablet, the story of the modification 
of the species, so truly do all the changes register themselves there- 
on,” and it seems to me that in the brains of so-called “mimicing” species 
of insects, we might, if we could but understand the full significance ot 
the brain cells, read therein the records of the development of a dim, 
obscure consciousness, a volition and an intelligence that has kept pace 
in the requirements of these organizations in protecting their lives and 
perpetuating their race. Man himself comes into the world, little less 
than a mere automaton but with an inherited basis for future develop- 
ments of an individual consciousness, he begins his education with the 
alphabet but does not transmit even a knowledge of this alphabet to his 
children, who must begin precisely where he himself began. But there 
has descended to his children that which will enable them to master 
the alphabet with more aptitude and less difficulty. Now if we descend 
the line of animal life until we reach these insects whose movements go 
far toward perfecting the protection afforded by their form, color and 
coloration, may we not expect to find the foundation for a “ species con- 
sciousness” that will enable their possessors to protect their lives from 
enemies of long standing, and gradually, though perhaps very slowly, 
adapt themselves to shunning the attacks of more recent foes. Or, to 
put it in other words, with a protective appearance, will there not go 
either a consciousness of that appearance or an inherited foundation for 
such a consciousness that will better enable an insect to apply its protec- 
tive inheritance, and in the use of all these as a means of perpetuating 
its kind, follow strictly in the line of all other animal life?” 
Among the most wonderful cases of “ protective resemblance ” noted 
was that of the moth Alaria florida “ which conceals itself during the 
day in the withering blossoms of the Evening Primrose Cenothera bien- 
nis. The inner two-thirds of the wings of the moth are bright pink 
while the outer third, hind wings and abdomen are pale yellow. The 
moth enters the flower before day with its body resting on the style, the 
four parted stigma projecting beyond the tip of the abdomen, appear- 
ing like a part thereof, and when the sun appears the two petals that were 
above the moth soon wilt and fall down over the roof like wings, con- 
cealing the rose colored portion and leaving the yellow part exposed as 
a part of the blossom and so effectually is the moth concealed in this 
