1062 The American Naturalist. [December, 
The progress of society is, in its method, direction and impelling mo- 
tives, “ analogous to the growth of consciousness rather than to that of 
the biological organism ;” hence Prof. Baldwin objects to the application 
of the term organism to society, and prefers organization. 
It would be impossible here to enter into any more minute examina- 
tion or criticism of the positions maintained in this work. Attention 
should be called, however, to Prof. Baldwin’s classification of the 
various sorts of developmental “ Selection.” The accompanying table, 
reproduced from Appendix B of the book, shows a number of distinct 
types, together with the autbors who have discovered or elaborated 
them. The arrangement begins with the purely biological agencies, 
and proceeds up through the psychological to the social. The table 
furnishes a valuable contribution to evolution literature; the distinc- 
tion drawn between the means, the result, and the name given to the 
process itself, clears up a number of points in regard to which consid- 
erable confusion has hitherto existed—H. ©. W. 
ANTHROPOLOGY. 
The History of Mankind.’—The second volume of the transla- 
tion of Prof. Ratzel’s “ History” more than meets the expectations of 
students of ethnography and others who have awaited its appearance 
with no little interest. The ‘“ modern method” of treatment and the 
wealth of illustrations continue to be prominent and pleasing features. 
“ Book II” describes (1) The Cultured Races of America; (2) The 
Ancient Civilized Races of America; (3) The Arctic Races of the Old 
World. Book IIT, The Light Stocks of South and Central Africa. 
Book IV, The South and East Africans. 
The American tribes are not considered in detail, but in culture 
groups as the Forest and Prairie Indians of North America, the 
Forest Indians of Central and South America, the Pategonians, the 
Fuegians, ete. No general treatise has heretofore so fully described 
the inhabitants of the southern portion of the South American Conti- 
nent. Some of the prevailing stories regarding their utter wretched- 
ness are contradicted, and we learn that “ the Fuegians are, at the bot- 
tom, Indians like all the rest,” and our estimate of their disposition and 
1 The History of Mankind. By Professor Friedrich Ratzel. Translated from 
the second German edition by A. J. Butler, M. A., with introduction by E. B. 
Tylor, D. C. L., F. R. S., with colored plates, maps and illustrations. 1897, N. 
Y., Macmillan, Vol. II, pp. 562. 
