552 MR ROBERT KLDSTON ON 



and on its two arms (d and d') the Halonial condition occurs, as well as on the branch c. 

 On the other portions of the fossil, as also on the Halonial branch, are seen the small 

 dots, which indicate the points at which the vascular bundles passed to the leaves. Of 

 course there is no character on this specimen to prove that it belongs to Lepidophloios 

 Scoticus other than the presence of the Halonial branch, and the fact that it occurred in 

 the same beds as those specimens on which the Lepidophloios leaf-cushions were associ- 

 ated with the Halonial condition in organic union ; and as Lepidophloios Scoticus is the 

 only species of Lepidophloios known to occur in these beds, we are justified in referring this 

 specimen to that species. We further know that Halonia, when semi-decorticated, has 

 prominent tubercles, the hollows between which, when corticated, were filled up with the 

 bark, which raised the whole surface of the stem to a common level, as shown at PI. II. 

 figs. 5 and 6, 



o - 



Specimens illustrating the Direction of the Leaf-Cushions. 



The specimen of Lepidophloios figured by Goldenberc,* and of Lepidophloios 

 Scoticus given by Dr Macfarlane, as well as the specimens of Lepidophloios laricinus 

 and Lepidophloios Scoticus described by myself here, prove beyond doubt that the stems 

 of some species of Lepidophloios, under certain conditions at all events, were clothed with 

 downward directed leaf-cushions. Some authors believe that this was the position of the 

 leaf-cushion in all species ; others think that in some species the leaf-cushions were 

 directed upwards, and by those who still retain Corda's genus, Lomatophloios, this is 

 the chief or only point by which it is separated from Lepidophloios. 



From the description of the following specimens it will be seen that the direction of 

 the leaf-cushion is not constant, and, in one case at least, varies even in the same species. 



To refer again to the figures of Lepidophloios Scoticus given by Dr Macfarlane 

 (loc. cit.) on his pi. viii. fig. 1, he shows a cone attached to its stem. If this figure be 

 carefully examined, it will be seen that the leaf-scars are at the summit of the upward 

 directed cushions, and consequently that the enlargement (fig. 4) of the same plate is 

 shown in reversed position. As the fig. 1 was drawn by myself, I can vouch for its 

 accuracy ; but the specimen is not an isolated case, for I possess several cones of 

 Lepidophloios Scoticus attached to their stems, which show the same character. 



In every respect the structure of the leaf-cushion and scar is identical with those 

 occurring on the larger stems, but in the latter case they are always directed downwards. 



At PI. II. fig. 7, I show the base of the stalk of one of these cones, which had very long 

 stalks in Lepidophloios Scoticus; and I have a specimen from Grange Quarry, Burnt- 

 island, with the base of the cone attached, whose stem is rather under \ of an inch thick 

 and about 7\ inches long, but its full length is not preserved. I have another specimen 

 whose stem is about \ inch thick, but still they can scarcely have grown upright. The 

 stems are always more or less bent, and their small size precludes the idea that they 



* Loc. cit., pi. xvi. fig. 6. 



