CPANIOLOGY OF PEOPLE OF INDIA. 705 



one passage he says that these people are named Lankhe by the Burmese* He arranges 

 the people occupying these hill tracts, into the Khyoungtha, children of the river, and 

 the Toungtha, or children of the hills. These words, he says, are both Arracanese. 

 The Khyoungtha conform to Buddhist customs, and he considers them to be of pure 

 Arracanese origin. The Toungtha are. he believes, the aboriginal people, and under this 

 name he includes the Tipperah tribes, the Kumi, Mroos, Khyengs, Bungees, Pankhos, 

 Shendoos, and the Lushais or Kookies with their offshoots. In his introductory remarks 

 Lewin states (p. 33) that the general physique of the hill tribes is strongly Mongolian : 

 broad faces, flat nose with no perceptible bridge ; eyes narrow and set obliquely ; high 

 cheek bones, no beard or moustache, stature about 5 ft. 6 in. In his special description 

 of the Lushais he says, however, that they differ entirely from the other hill tribes of 

 Burman or Arracanese origin, in that their faces bear no marks of Tartar or Mongolian 

 descent ; their complexion is swarthy ; the height of the men is about 5 ft. 8 in., that of 

 the women 5 ft. 4 in. In his subsequent book, The Fly on the Wheel, written after he 

 had penetrated some distance amongst the Lushai hill tracts, as a member of the military 

 expedition of 1871-72, he repeats the statement that the features did not have the 

 Mongolian type, but were more like Portuguese half-castes. The hair, he says, is black, 

 and fastened in a knot on the nape of the neck. 



Colonel Woodthorpe, E.E., who was also a member of the Lushai expedition of 

 1871-72, gives an account of the people.t He states that they were of three tribes — 

 Lushais, Paite's or Soktds, and Pois. Both sexes were well made and muscular ; the aver- 

 age stature of the men was 5 ft. 6 in., that of the women 5 ft. 4 in. The colour of the 

 skin was every shade of brown, but the Pois were fairer than is usual with hillmen. 

 The cheek bones were high and prominent, the face broad, the lips thick, the nose usually 

 retrousse, with wide nostrils ; though in the higher classes the nose was sometimes thin 

 and aquiline and with small nostrils, and the lips were thin. The eyes were small and 

 almond shaped ; the beard and moustache were scanty. The tribes differed in their mode 

 of wearing the hair. The Lushai men part it in the middle, smooth it on each side, 

 bind it in a knot at the nape of the neck, and secure it by a copper or steel pin. The 

 Sokte" men do not part it, but wear it short and standing out around the fore- 

 head ; sometimes the hair is twisted into a tail behind. The Poi men part the hair 

 across the head from ear to ear; that in front of the parting is drawn forwards 

 into a high double knot on the forehead and fastened by a comb; that behind 

 the parting hangs in wavy curls over the back and shoulders. The dress is a long 

 sheet of cotton cloth. The women sometimes dilate the lobe of the ear with a disc 

 of baked clay. 



In Mr E. A. Gait's Report on the Census of Assam \ it is said that the tribes variously 



* See his Report on the Hill Tribes of Chittagong, 1869, already quoted, and his book, A Fly on the Wheel, 

 London, 1884. Possibly Lankhe is a modified form of the word Luncta used by Mr John Macrae, 

 t "The Lushai Expedition," 1871-72, in United Service Institution Journal 

 X Census of Assam, 1891. 



