CRANIOLOGY OF PEOPLE OF INDIA. 713 



the tables of anthropological measurements published by Mr H. H. Risley,* seventeen 

 'Kukis,' natives of Rangamati in the Chittagong Hills, showed in their head measure- 

 ments a mean cephalic index 76'2, and a mean nasal index 85. In the living person 

 the nose is mesorhine. The customary deduction of two units from the cephalic index 

 in the living head would place the same index in the skull at 74*2, i.e., in the dolicho- 

 cephalic group. The average stature of the people measured was 5 ft. If in. (1566 mm.). 



Chin Hillmen. Table I. 



In 1891 I received from Surgeon-Captain C. L. Williams a skull which, whilst acting 

 in a surveying expedition, he had picked up in a graveyard within a quarter of a mile of 

 Jiddim, the former capital of the Kankow country. t He states that it is the custom to 

 dry a recent corpse over a fire for some days and afterwards in the sun for many months 

 before it is buried beneath a stone. The skull cannot be that of a captive Burman, as 

 the Kankows impale all captive heads on poles, and the skulls consequently have a large 

 hole in the vertex. The Kankows are a wild tribe living in the mountains north of 

 Burma, reaching almost as far north as lat. 24°, and westwards to the Lushai Hills. Dr 

 Williams writes that, as compared with the Burmese, the forehead is higher, the nose 

 less sunken, the malar bones less prominent, the lips less thick, and the chin more 

 marked. They are a brave, hardy race of warriors and hunters, with good muscular 

 development. 



In 1894 Surgeon-Captain D. H. Graves sent me some skulls, which he had collected 

 in the village graveyard at Jiddim, now the chief post for a regiment in the North Chin 

 Hills. Up to three years prior to his visit it had been the largest village of a tribe 

 which he names Nwengal. Dr Graves writes that he understands it is the custom when 

 a member of the tribe dies to expose the body to the weather until it is decomposed. 

 The skull is then placed along with others in an earthenware pot, which is buried. Dr 

 Graves found two of these pots containing six skulls, four of which he was so good as 

 to send me. In 1893 I also received a woman's skull collected by Surgeon-Captain 

 Graves in the village of Klungroa, situated in the South Chin Hills, about sixteen miles 

 to the south-west of Haka, between lat. 22° and 23°. She is said to have been killed 

 by falling into a tiger trap. 



The measurements of these skulls are given in Table I. E is the specimen collected 

 by Dr C. L. Williams, the others are from Surgeon -Captain Graves. They were all 

 adult. Five were presumably men, and one, F, a woman. 



Norma Verticalis. — In this aspect two skulls, viz., B and E, were seen to be elongated 

 and ovoid, so that in their proportions they were distinctly dolichocephalic, whilst A 

 only slightly exceeded the dolichocephalic index. The three others were relatively 



* Tribes and Castes of Bengal, vol. i. p. 204, Calcutta, 1891. 



t See for an account of the Kankow campaign, Chin Lushai Land, by Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonel Reid, I. M.S., 

 p. 67, Calcutta, 1893. In the large map in this work the name apparently of this village, some miles to the north of 

 Fort White, is printed Tiddiin. 



