71 G PROFESSOR SIR W. TURNER ON 



Although I have described the crania from the Lushai hill-tracts as a group separate 

 from those collected in the hills occupied b} r the Chins, yet as the peoples known by 

 these names, if not one race, have close affinities with each other, it will be instructive 

 to look at the two series together. 



Of the eleven skulls under observation four had a length-breadth index below 75, 

 five were between 75 and 77 '5, and two from the South Lushai hill-tracts were above 

 80 ; the mean of the series was 76'1. If the two brachycephalic crania are excluded 

 the mean of the rest is 74*6, so that the skulls are in the main dolichocephalic, or 

 approximating thereto in their numerical index as well as in their general form. In three 

 of the skulls the length-height index was slightly above the cephalic, in one they werf 

 equal, but the mean vertical index of the series was 73 '78 ; on the whole, therefore, in 

 these skulls the breadth exceeded the height. The mean Stephanie diameter w r as 107 G, 

 whilst the mean minimum frontal breadth was only 90. 



If we take the figures suggested by Sir William H. Flower * as limiting the three 

 divisions of the gnathic index, two skulls were prognathous, three were mesognathous, 

 the rest orthognathous ; and as the mean of the eleven crania was 97'8, orthognathism 

 is apparently a preponderating character. 



As the lower jaw w r as present in ten specimens the complete facial index was 

 obtained. In only one skull was it below 80, in seven between 80 and 90, in two 

 above 90; the mean of the series was 87*5, which places them in the chamasprosopic 

 or low-faced group of Kollmann. The upper facial or maxillary index is on the 

 average 51 '5. 



The width of the anterior nares was moderate in relation to the height of the nose, 

 the nasal index was leptorhine in only two specimens, in four it was platyrhine, in the 

 others mesorhine ; the mean of the eleven crania was 51*3, i.e., mesorhine ; the bridge 

 of the nose was concave and feeble above and tilted forward below, but the face must 

 have been flattened in this region. The height of the orbit was considerable in relation 

 to the breadth, and the mean index was 89*9, i.e., megaseme. The palato-m axillary 

 breadth was great in relation to the length, and the mean index was 122, so that the 

 skulls were in the brachyuranic group ; no specimen was dolichuranic. 



The mean cubic capacity of the crania of nine men was 1353 c.c, which places them 

 on the confines of the microcephalic and mesocephalic groups. 



To summarise the characters of the crania of the natives of the Lushai-Chin hills, 

 one may say that in the main they are dolichocephalic : as a rule the breadth of the 

 cranium exceeds the height ; the upper jaw is orthognathic ; the face is low, chanue- 

 prosopic ; the nasal width is moderate in relation to the height, mesorhine ; the height 

 of the orbit approximates to the breadth, and the index is megaseme ; the palato- 

 maxillary breadth is wide in relation to the length, brachyuranic; and the cranial 

 capacity is moderate. 



* Catalogue of the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, p. 252. 1879. 



